Optimization of gas turbine combustion systems low load performance on simple cycle and heat recovery steam generator applications

• US 9,671,797 B2
• Filed: 02/15/2013
• Issued: 06/06/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 05/08/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden AB
• Original Assignee: Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden AB
• Inventors: Chandler, Christopher
• Primary Examiner(s): Gami, Tejal
• Application Number:
  US13/767,933
• Publication Number:
  US 20130158731A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,572 Days
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 9/28 Regulating systems responsive to plant or ambient parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure, rotor speed F02C9/30 - F02C9/38, F02C9/44 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2260/80 Diagnostics
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2270/082 with as little NOx as possible
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2270/083 by monitoring combustion conditions
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2270/303 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2270/31 Fuel schedule for stage combustors
• CPC Class Codes: F23N 1/002 using electronic means F23N1/04 - F23N1/10 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F23N 2241/20 Gas turbines
• CPC Class Codes: F23N 5/003 using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties F23N5/02, F23N5/18 - F23N5/26 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F23N 5/242 using electronic means
• CPC Class Codes: F23R 2900/00013 Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by active means
• CPC Class Codes: F23R 3/34 Feeding into different combustion zones
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 17/00 Control of torque; Control of mechanical power

Abstract

Provided herein is a system and method for tuning the operation of a turbine and optimizing the mechanical life of a heat recovery steam generator. Provided therewith is a turbine controller, sensor means for sensing operational parameters, control means for adjusting operational control elements. The controller is adapted to tune the operation of the gas turbine in accordance preprogrammed steps in response to operational priorities selected by a user. The operational priorities preferably comprise optimal heat recovery steam generator life.

Claims

1. A tuning system for optimizing the mechanical life of a heat recovery steam generator, the heat recovery steam generator being operated in connection with a combustion turbine, the tuning system comprising:

a turbine controller;

sensor means for sensing the operational parameters of a turbine and heat recovery steam generator; and

control means for controlling various operational control elements,

wherein the turbine controller is adapted to tune the operation of the gas turbine in accordance with the following steps;

selecting operational priorities for at least one of the heat recovery steam generator or turbine operation, whereby each selected operational priority will determine operational standards for the heat recovery steam generator and turbine,

receiving operational parameter data for the operation of the turbine and the heat recovery steam generator from the sensor means,

comparing the operational data to stored operational standards based on the selected operational priorities to determine if both heat recovery steam generator and turbine operation conform to the operational standards,

determining the dominant tuning criteria for non-conforming operation of the heat recovery steam generator and turbine, based on the preset operational priorities,

communicating with the control means to perform a selected adjustment in a first operational control element of the gas turbine,

receiving operational data from the sensor means upon passage of a set period of time to determine if an additional incremental change is desired, and making further adjustments to the selected first operational control element,

selecting a further operational parameter adjustment, different than the first selected operational control element, and

receiving operational data from the sensor means upon passage of a set period of time to determine if an additional incremental change is desired.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a distributed control system, whereby the tuning controller communicates with the sensor means and the control means using the distributed control system.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the operational priorities are selected from the group comprising optimum NOx emissions, optimum power output, optimum combustor dynamics, optimum heat recovery steam generator life, and optimum fuel blend ratio.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the optimum fuel blend ratio comprises the ratio of non-pipeline quality gas to pipeline quality gas.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein, the selected operational control element adjustment based on the dominant tuning criteria, the selected adjustment having a fixed incremental value and defined range, each incremental change input over a set period of time sufficient for the turbine to gain operational stability.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the adjustments in the operational control elements of the gas turbine are selected from the group comprising combustor fuel distribution split within the nozzles of the combustor, fuel gas inlet temperature, fuel/air ratio within the turbine, and gas fuel blend ratio (fuel composition).

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the operational priorities comprise optimum heat recovery steam generator life, and wherein adjustment to the fuel-to-air ratio of the turbine is selected as the first operational control element to be adjusted when the selected operational priority is optimum heat recovery steam generator life.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the tuning controller is adapted to optimizing the mechanical life of the heat recovery steam generator by first adjusting the fuel-to-air ratio operational control element prior to making any tuning adjustments based on remaining operational priorities.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein, after adjustment of the fuel-to-air ratio operational control element, the turbine controller subsequently tunes additional control elements in response to changes in operational parameters of the turbine occurring as the result of adjustment of the fuel-to-air ratio operational control element.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the heat recovery steam generator has operational parameters are selected from the group consisting of high pressure outlet steam temperatures, hot reheat steam temperatures, high pressure intra-stage desuperheater outlet temperatures and pressures, and hot reheat intra-stage desuperheater outlet temperatures and pressures.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the turbine has operational parameters selected from the group consisting of turbine stack emissions and combustion dynamics.

12. A method of optimizing the mechanical life of a heat recovery steam generator through tuning the operation of a gas turbine, the method comprising:

providing sensor means for sensing the operational parameters of the heat recovery steam generator;

providing control means for controlling operational control elements of the turbine, wherein the control means adjust selected control elements in response to control signals from the tuning controller;

providing a tuning controller for receiving data regarding the operational parameters from the sensor means and sending control signals to the control means;

establishing a communication link between the tuning controller, the control means and the sensor means;

sensing data regarding operational parameters of the heat recovery steam generator and the turbine and transmitting the sensed data to the turbine controller;

receiving the sensed operational parameter data at the turbine controller and comparing the sensed operational parameter data to stored operational data stored in the turbine controller to determine if adjustment to an operational control element is necessary to improve operating parameters of the turbine or heat recovery steam generator, wherein the preset operational parameter levels are based on operational priorities of the turbine;

communicating, from the turbine controller to the control means, control signals perform a defined incremental adjustment of a first selected operational control element,

after a preset period of time from the adjustment of the first selected operational control element, sensing data regarding operational parameters and transmitting the sensed data to the turbine controller and comparing the sensed operational data to the preset operational parameter levels determine if further adjustments within the operational control means are required,

determining if the first operational control element is able to receive further adjustments and communicating, from the turbine controller to the control means, control signals perform a defined incremental adjustment of a second selected operational control element.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of selecting operational priorities of the turbine and heat recovery steam generator.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the first selected control element to be adjusted is the fuel-to-air ratio of the turbine, wherein the adjustment to the fuel-to-air ratio is done in response to operational parameters of the heat recovery steam generator being out of allowable limits when compared to the stored operational data.

15. A method for tuning a premixed combustion system of a combustion turbine, the turbine comprising at least one combustor having an outer ring of identical fuel nozzles and an inner fuel nozzle which utilizes an inner nozzle fuel split to adjust the fuel-to-air ratio of the inner to outer nozzles, the method comprising:

providing a turbine controller programmed to operate the premixed combustion system according to at least two distinct modes of operation, the distinct modes comprising a lean inner nozzle mode whereby the fuel-to-air ratio of the inner nozzle is less than the fuel-to-air ratio of the outer fuel nozzles, and a rich inner nozzle mode whereby the fuel-to-air ratio of the inner nozzle is greater than the fuel-to-air ratio of the outer fuel nozzles,

sensing the operating conditions of the turbine, wherein the sensed conditions include high load, low load and turndown; and

operating the premixed combustion system using both the lean inner nozzle mode and the rich inner nozzle mode according to the operating condition of the turbine;

wherein modifying the operational mode of the turbine from lean inner nozzle mode to rich inner nozzle mode is done by adjusting the fuel splits of the turbine.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the premixed combustion system is operated at a lean inner nozzle mode during high load conditions and the premixed combustion system is operated at rich inner nozzle mode during low load and turndown conditions.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the premixed combustion system is operated at a rich inner nozzle mode during high load conditions and the premixed combustion system is operated at lean inner nozzle mode during low load and turndown conditions.