CPR volume exchanger valve system with safety feature and methods
First Claim
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1. A method to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a patient in cardiac arrest, the method comprising:
- repetitively compressing the chest and permitting the chest to recoil a rate of about 60 to about 120 times/min;
wherein with each compression a volume of respiratory gas is expelled from the lungs;
wherein for a plurality of chest recoils, preventing respiratory gases from returning to the lungs by configuring a valve to remain closed during multiple successive chest decompressions such that there is a successive decrease in respiratory gases within the lungs thereby allowing more blood to enter the thoracic space; and
periodically actively expanding the lungs with an oxygen-containing gas.
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Abstract
A method for regulating gas flows into and out of a patient includes repetitively forcing respiratory gases out of the lungs. Respiratory gases are prevented from entering back into the lungs during a time between when respiratory gases are forced out of the lungs. Periodically, an oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the lungs.
377 Citations
31 Claims
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1. A method to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a patient in cardiac arrest, the method comprising:
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repetitively compressing the chest and permitting the chest to recoil a rate of about 60 to about 120 times/min; wherein with each compression a volume of respiratory gas is expelled from the lungs; wherein for a plurality of chest recoils, preventing respiratory gases from returning to the lungs by configuring a valve to remain closed during multiple successive chest decompressions such that there is a successive decrease in respiratory gases within the lungs thereby allowing more blood to enter the thoracic space; and periodically actively expanding the lungs with an oxygen-containing gas. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
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8. A device to augment circulation during the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a patient in cardiac arrest, the device comprising:
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a housing having a rescuer port and a patient port, an exhalation one way valve and an inhalation one way valve which is biased in a closed position; wherein the housing and one way valves are configured such that a volume of respiratory gas expelled from the lungs during each chest compression enters the housing through the patient port, passes through the exhalation one way valve and exits the rescuer port, and wherein, when the chest wall recoils, oxygen containing gasses are prevented from entering the lungs through the rescuer port by both of the one way valves; a ventilation source to inject an oxygen-containing gas into the housing, to open the inhalation one way valve, and to pass through the rescuer port and to the patient to periodically expand the lungs with the oxygen-containing gases; wherein the inhalation one way valve is configured to remain closed during multiple, successive chest decompressions so that respiratory gasses are prevented from reaching the lungs through the inhalation one way valve over successive chest compression/chest recoil cycles to successively decrease the volume of respiratory gasses in the lungs thereby allowing more blood to enter the thoracic space; wherein the inhalation one way valve is configured to open when a pressure in the intrathoracic space is about −
10 cm H2O; andwhen the patient gasps or begins spontaneous breathing, the inhalation one way valve is configured to open and allow air to enter the patient'"'"'s lungs.
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9. A device to augment circulation during the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a patient in cardiac arrest, the device comprising:
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a housing having a rescuer port and a patient port; a valve system disposed in the housing; wherein the housing and the valve system are configured such that a volume of respiratory gas expelled from the lungs during each chest compression enters the housing through the patient port, passes through the valve system and exits the rescuer port, and wherein, when the chest wall recoils, oxygen containing gases are prevented from entering the lungs through the patient port by the valve system; a ventilation source to inject an oxygen-containing gas into the housing, to pass through the valve system, and to pass through the patient port and to the patient to periodically expand the lungs with the oxygen-containing gases; at least one physiological sensor that is selected from a group consisting of airway pressure sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, electrocardiogram signal sensors, and impedance sensors; and a communication system to permit signals from the physiological sensor to be transmitted to a CPR device or to the person performing CPR and used during resuscitation to provide feedback for at least one of how to perform CPR, an optimal time to actively inflate the lungs with respiratory gases and an optimal time to defibrillate, and further comprising at least one indicator that is configured to assist a rescuer in performing CPR. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
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16. A device to augment circulation during the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a patient in cardiac arrest, the device comprising:
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a housing having a rescuer port and a patient port, an exhalation one way valve and an inhalation one way valve which is biased in a closed position; wherein the housing and one way valves are configured such that a volume of respiratory gas expelled from the lungs during each chest compression enters the housing through the patient port, passes through the exhalation one way valve and exits the rescuer port; a ventilation source to inject an oxygen-containing gas into the housing, to open the inhalation one way valve, and to pass through the rescuer port and to the patient to periodically expand the lungs with the oxygen-containing gases; a sensor that is associated with the housing to measure gas volumes or airway pressure; and a controller that is configured to receive measurements from the sensor and to estimate the rate and depth of chest compressions by evaluating variations in the amount of gasses delivered or airway pressure produced by positive-pressure ventilations to the amount of gasses expelled or airway pressures produced during chest compressions. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18)
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19. A system to augment circulation during the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a patient in cardiac arrest, the device comprising:
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a housing having; a rescuer port; and a patient port; and a valve system disposed in the housing; wherein the housing and the valve system are configured such that respiratory gas expelled from a patient'"'"'s lungs during a chest compression enters the housing through the patient port, passes through the valve system, and exits the rescuer port, and wherein, when the chest wall recoils, oxygen containing gasses are prevented from entering the patient'"'"'s lungs through the patient port by the valve system; wherein the valve system is configured to remain closed during multiple, successive chest decompressions so that respiratory gasses are prevented from reaching the patient'"'"'s lungs over successive chest compression/chest recoil cycles to successively decrease the volume of respiratory gasses in the lungs thereby allowing more blood to enter the thoracic space; and wherein the valve system is configured to open and allow air to enter the patient'"'"'s lungs if the patient gasps or begins spontaneous breathing; at least one of an airway pressure sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, electrocardiogram signal sensor, and an impedance sensor; at least one indicator that is configured to assist a rescuer in performing CPR; and a communication system to permit signals from the at least one of an airway pressure sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, electrocardiogram signal sensor, and an impedance sensor to be transmitted to a CPR device or to the rescuer performing CPR to provide feedback for at least one of how to perform CPR, an optimal time to actively inflate the lungs with respiratory gases and an optimal time to defibrillate. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21, 22)
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23. A system to augment circulation during the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a patient in cardiac arrest, the device comprising:
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a housing having; a rescuer port; and a patient port; and a first valve and a second valve disposed in the housing; and at least one of an airway pressure sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, electrocardiogram signal sensor, and an impedance sensor disposed in at least one of the patient port, rescuer port, first valve, or second valve, wherein the housing and the valve system are configured such that respiratory gas expelled from a patient'"'"'s lungs during a chest compression enters the housing through the patient port, passes through the first valve, and exits the rescuer port, and wherein, when the chest wall recoils, oxygen containing gasses are prevented from entering the patient'"'"'s lungs through the patient port by both of the first valve and the second valve; wherein the first valve and second valve are biased in a closed position such that respiratory gasses are prevented from reaching the patient'"'"'s lungs over successive chest compression/chest recoil cycles to successively decrease the volume of respiratory gasses in the lungs; and wherein the second valve is configured to open and allow air to enter the patient'"'"'s lungs through the patient port if; the patient gasps or begins spontaneous breathing;
oran oxygen-containing gas is injected into the housing through the rescuer port. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26)
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27. A device to augment circulation during the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a patient in cardiac arrest, the device comprising:
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a housing having a rescuer port and a patient port; an exhalation one way valve biased in a closed position; and an inhalation one way valve biased in a closed position; wherein the housing and one way valves are configured such that a volume of respiratory gas expelled from the lungs during each chest compression enters the housing through the patient port, passes through the exhalation one way valve and exits the rescuer port; a sensor that is associated with the housing configured to provide an indication of a proper seal between the patient'"'"'s trachea and a ventilation source in fluid communication with the rescuer port; and a controller that is configured to receive measurements from the sensor and to estimate the rate and depth of chest compressions by evaluating variations in the amount of gasses delivered or airway pressure produced by positive-pressure ventilations to the amount of gasses expelled or airway pressures produced during chest compressions. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31)
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Specification