Method and apparatus for forming a three-dimensional article

• US 9,676,031 B2
• Filed: 03/31/2014
• Issued: 06/13/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 04/23/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Arcam Ab (Danaher Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Arcam Ab (Danaher Corporation)
• Inventors: Ljungblad, Ulric, Loewgren, Lars, Snis, Anders, Fager, Mattias
• Primary Examiner(s): Roe, Jessee
• Assistant Examiner(s): Kessler, Christopher
• Application Number:
  US14/230,957
• Publication Number:
  US 20140314609A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,170 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/28 Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/36 of energy beam parameters
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/49 Scanners
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/52 Hoppers
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/55 Two or more means for feeding material
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/60 Planarisation devices; Compression devices
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 3/12 Both compacting and sintering by forging B22F3/17
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 15/00 Electron-beam welding or cutting electron- or ion- beam tubes H01J37/00
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/153 using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/25 Process efficiency

Abstract

An apparatus for forming at least one three-dimensional article by fusing parts of a powder bed layer-wise. The apparatus comprising a powder distributor and an energy beam for fusing the powder layer. Said powder distributor comprises a first part being an elongated rod provided movable at a predetermined distance above the powder bed and with its central axis in parallel with a top surface of said work table and second part being a metal foil having at least a first and a second opposite edge portions. Said metal foil is provided between said elongated rod and said work table, said first and second opposite edge portions are attached to said elongated rod so that a distance between said first and second edge portions is smaller than the distance between said first and second edge portions of said metal foil when said metal foil is in a flat position.

Claims

1. An apparatus for forming at least one three-dimensional article through successive fusion of parts of a powder bed, which parts corresponds to successive cross sections of the three-dimensional article, said apparatus comprising:

a powder distributor configured for evenly distributing a layer of powder on top of a work table; and

an energy beam configured for fusing the powder layer in selected locations corresponding to said cross section of the three-dimensional article,

wherein;

said powder distributor comprises at least a first part and a second part, said first part being an elongated rod having a foremost edge and an opposing trailing edge, said first part being movably provided at a predetermined distance above the powder bed and with its central axis in parallel with a top surface of said work table, said second part being a foil having at least a first and a second opposite edge portions;

said foil is provided between said elongated rod and said work table and intermediate said foremost and trailing edges of said elongated rod;

said first and second opposite edge portions of the foil are attached to said elongated rod so that a distance between said first and second edge portions is smaller than the distance between said first and second edge portions of said foil when said foil is in a flat position;

said elongated rod comprises a protrusion disposed on said foremost edge and extending in a direction towards the work table, so as to create a volume under said elongated rod for decreasing a force from the powder acting on the elongated rod in a direction perpendicular to said work table while said layer of powder is evenly distributed over said work table.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said foil has a plurality of slits.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said slits are pointing in a direction perpendicular to said first and second opposite edge portions.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said slits are positioned an angle α

with a normal to said first edge portions.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said angle α

is within a range of 25 degrees to 65 degrees.

6. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said slits are at least one of curved or meander-shaped.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the powder provided on the work table is made of at least one of metal, plastic, ceramic, or composite material.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second opposite edge portions of the foil are attached to a surface of said elongated rod that is at least one of flat, convex, or concave-shaped.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the distance between said first and second opposite edge portions of said foil when attached to said elongated rod is smaller than a width of said flat, convex, or concave-shaped surface.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second opposite edge portions of said foil are attached relative to a surface of the elongated rod via a first screw and a second screw, respectively.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said first and second opposite edge portions of said foil are provided in a first slit and a second slit, respectively, wherein said first slit and said second slit are provided on the elongated rod, and wherein said first screw and said second screw extend into said first slit and said second slit, respectively.

12. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said foil is removably attached to said elongated rod via said first and second screws.

13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the foil is smaller than 1 mm.

14. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said foil is made of at least one of metal, plastic, carbon fibre, or Kevlar.

15. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the foil is made of the same material as the powder material which is to be fused.

16. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising at least one vibrator attached to said elongated rod.

17. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said rod comprises a first and second element attached together via said foil and a support member.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein at least one vibrator is attached between said first and second elements.

19. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of said first and second parts are separated from each other by a predetermined distance.