Electric power system control with planning of energy demand and energy efficiency using AMI-based data analysis

• US 9,678,520 B2
• Filed: 02/28/2014
• Issued: 06/13/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Dominion Energy, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Dominion Resources Incorporated
• Inventors: Peskin, Melissa A., Powell, Phillip W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wang, Philip
• Application Number:
  US14/193,872
• Publication Number:
  US 20140277796A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,201 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 13/04 involving the use of models or simulators
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 15/02 electric
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/10 Regulating voltage or current G05F1/02 takes precedence; for electric railways B60M3/02
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/06 Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 50/06 Energy or water supply
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00017 using optical fiber
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00034 the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2203/20 Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/00 Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/12 for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/20 Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/70 Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/50 Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/00 Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/124 using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/20 Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security

Abstract

A method, apparatus, system and computer program is provided for controlling an electric power system, including implementation of an energy planning process (EPP) system which can be used to plan a voltage control and conservation (VCC) system applied to an electrical distribution connection system (EEDCS). The EPP system plans modifications to the EEDCS as a result of operating the VCC system in the “ON” state, in order to maximize the level of energy conservation achieved by the VCC system control of the EEDCS. The EPP system may also identify potential problems in the EEDCS for correction.

Claims

1. A voltage control and energy conservation system planning technique using linear regression to select the best modifications in an EEDS system to optimize voltage conservation and to provide improved voltage reliability for the following:

an electrical energy delivery system with a substation configured as an electrical supply system supplying power through an electrical distribution system to an electrical usage system for use by electrical usage devices at a plurality of user locations;

a meter located at the substation and at least one of the plurality of user locations and configured to generate AMI data based on a measured component of electrical power received by the meter; and

a voltage controller configured to generate an energy delivery parameter based on the AMI data,

wherein the substation is further configured to adjust a voltage set point value of the electrical power supplied to the plurality of user locations based on the energy delivery parameter, and

wherein the voltage and energy are measured on an interval basis using an energy validation process, and a change in energy characteristic, including a conservation voltage reduction (CVR) factor, and an energy savings between the voltage at the CVR “

ON”

set point and the CVR “

OFF”

set point are measured using a paired t measurement using an optimized pairing process to determine the CVR factor and an energy usage modification for the electrical energy delivery system.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the planning process comprises:

an additional process that identifies abnormal operation of voltage using a linear regression technique that compares the operating linear regression pattern against patterns identified in a database relating to system reliability issues.

3. The system of claim 1 where the method of identifying modifications to the system uses a linearized optimization based on the representation of distribution system losses and the conservation voltage reduction losses as the performance criterion.

4. The system of claim 1 where the linearization is used to compare voltages to correlate using the linearization technique the phase location and circuit location using AMI voltages.

5. A voltage control and energy conservation system using linear regression to select modifications in an EEDS system to optimize voltage conservation and to provide improved voltage reliability, comprising:

an electrical energy delivery system with a substation configured as an electrical supply system supplying power through an electrical distribution system to an electrical usage system for use by electrical usage devices at a plurality of user locations;

a plurality of meters, including a meter located at a supply point at the substation, and at least one meter located at a respective at least one of the plurality of user locations and configured to generate meter data based on a measured component of electrical power received by the at least one meter located at a respective at least one of the plurality of user locations;

a voltage controller configured to operate in a conservation-voltage-reduction-on state or in a conservation-voltage-reduction-off state;

wherein the voltage controller applies conservation voltage reduction to generate a conservation voltage reduction energy delivery parameter based on the meter data when the controller is in the conservation-voltage-reduction-on state, but not when the controller is in the conservation-voltage-reduction-off state;

wherein the substation is further configured to adjust a voltage set point value of the electrical power supplied at the supply point to the plurality of user locations based on the energy delivery parameter;

wherein the voltage and energy are measured by the meters on an interval basis using an energy validation process, the change in energy characteristics between the voltage conservation-voltage-reduction-on state and the conservation-voltage-reduction-off state being determined using a paired t measurement; and

wherein the voltage controller is further configured to identify modifications to the system using a linearized optimization based on the representation of distribution system losses and the conservation voltage reduction losses as the performance criterion.

6. A voltage control and energy conservation system using linear regression to select modifications in an EEDS system to optimize voltage conservation and to provide improved voltage reliability, comprising:

an electrical energy delivery system with a substation configured as an electrical supply system supplying power through an electrical distribution system to an electrical usage system for use by electrical usage devices at a plurality of user locations;

a plurality of meters, including a meter located at a supply point at the substation, and at least one meter located at a respective at least one of the plurality of user locations and configured to generate meter data based on a measured component of electrical power received by the at least one meter located at a respective at least one of the plurality of user locations;

a voltage controller configured to operate in a conservation-voltage-reduction-on state or in a conservation-voltage-reduction-off state;

wherein the voltage controller applies conservation voltage reduction to generate a conservation voltage reduction energy delivery parameter based on the meter data when the controller is in the conservation-voltage-reduction-on state, but not when the controller is in the conservation-voltage-reduction-off state;

wherein the substation is further configured to adjust a voltage set point value of the electrical power supplied at the supply point to the plurality of user locations based on the energy delivery parameter;

wherein the voltage and energy are measured by the meters on an interval basis using an energy validation process, the change in energy characteristics between the voltage conservation-voltage-reduction-on state and the conservation-voltage-reduction-off state being determined using a paired t measurement; and

wherein voltage controller is further configured to identify abnormal operation of voltage using a linear regression technique that compares the operating linear regression pattern against patterns identified in a database relating to system reliability.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the substation is further configured to adjust a voltage set point value of the electrical power supplied at the supply point to the plurality of user locations based on the change in energy characteristics.

8. The system of claim 6, wherein the voltage controller further configured to adjust the energy delivery parameter based on the change in energy characteristics.

9. The system of claim 6, wherein the energy characteristic is the conservation voltage reduction factor.

10. The system of claim 6, wherein the energy characteristic is the energy savings.

11. The system of claim 6, wherein each meter'"'"'s data is averaged over the interval.

12. The system of claim 6, wherein the wherein the interval is a period of twenty-four hours.

13. The system of claim 6, wherein the interval is a period of four hours.

14. The system of claim 6, wherein the interval is a period of one hour.

15. The system of claim 6, wherein the pairing process comprises an additional process that breaks the paired t process into measurements of conservation voltage reduction factor and conservation energy savings by season and uses linear regression constants to determine the blocks of hours where consistent loads exist and paired t comparisons can be calculated accurately, within predetermined limits.

16. The system of claim 6, wherein the abnormal operation includes a poor connection between a meter and a meter base, an overloaded secondary conductor, an overloaded secondary transformer, an incorrect transformer tap setting, an incompatible type of meter connected in a meter base, or a bad neutral connection.

17. A control system for an electric power transmission and distribution grid configured to supply electric power from a supply point to a plurality of user locations, the system comprising:

a plurality of sensors, wherein each sensor is located at a respective one of a plurality of distribution locations on the distribution grid at or between the supply point and at least one of the plurality of user locations, and wherein each sensor is configured to sense a component of the supplied electric power at the respective distribution location and to generate measurement data based on the sensed component of the power;

a controller configured to generate an energy delivery parameter based on the measurement data received from the plurality of sensors, and to operate the electric power transmission and distribution grid in a modification-on state or in a modification-off state;

a component adjusting device configured to adjust a component of the electric power transmission and distribution grid in response to the energy delivery parameter;

wherein the component of the supplied electric power is measured by the sensors on an interval basis using an energy validation process, the change in energy characteristics between the modification-on state and the modification-off state being determined using a linear regression; and

wherein the controller is further configured to identify modifications to the system using a linearized optimization based on the representation of the energy characteristics.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the controller is configured to apply the modification to generate an energy delivery parameter based on the measurement data when the controller is in the modification-on state, but not when the controller is in the modification-off state.

19. The system of claim 17, wherein the controller is configured to determine the change in an energy characteristic between the modification-on state and the modification-off state, and to identify modifications to the system based on the representation of the energy characteristic and the limiting voltage conditions determining the boundaries of optimized voltage operation.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the modification is conservation voltage reduction, and the change in an energy characteristic is the conservation voltage reduction factor or the energy savings.

21. The system of claim 19, wherein the representation of the energy characteristic is the distribution system losses, the conservation voltage reduction losses, or the energy savings.

24. The system of claim 17, wherein the energy characteristic is distribution system losses and the conservation voltage reduction losses as the performance criterion.

25. The system of claim 17, wherein the component of the supplied electric power is voltage.

26. The system of claim 17, wherein the component of the electric power transmission and distribution grid adjusting device comprises:

a load tap change transformer that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point based on a load tap change coefficient;

or a voltage regulator that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point or at another point on the distribution grid based on the energy delivery parameter;

or a capacitor regulator that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at a point on the distribution grid based on the energy delivery parameter.

27. The system of claim 17, wherein the controller is configured to use a linear regression technique that compares an operating linear regression pattern against patterns identified in a database relating to normal energy characteristics, normal voltage characteristics, and normal impedance characteristics to forecast and modify energy delivery and system reliability.

28. The system of claim 17, wherein the controller is configured to use a multisource ESS combined into a linear model.

29. The system of claim 28, wherein the multisource ESS is plurality of transformers treated as a single transformer for the model.

30. The system of claim 17 wherein the controller is configured to use linearization, GIS coordinates, and meter voltage correlation to determine the proximity of the meters to the adjusting device.

22. A control system for an electric power transmission and distribution grid configured to supply electric power from a supply point to a plurality of user locations, the system comprising:

a plurality of sensors, wherein each sensor is located at a respective one of a plurality of distribution locations on the distribution grid at or between the supply point and at least one of the plurality of user locations, and wherein each sensor is configured to sense a component of the supplied electric power at the respective distribution location and to generate measurement data based on the sensed component of the power;

a controller configured to receive measurement data from the plurality of sensors, and to identify abnormal operation of voltage using a technique that compares the voltage measurement data against patterns identified in a database relating to system reliability.

23. The system of claim 22, wherein the abnormal operation includes a poor connection between a meter and a meter base, an overloaded secondary conductor, an overloaded secondary transformer, an incorrect transformer tap setting, an incompatible type of meter connected in a meter base, or a bad neutral connection.

31. A method for controlling electrical power supplied to a plurality of distribution locations located at or between a supply point and at least one user location, each of the plurality of distribution locations including at least one sensor configured to sense a voltage of the supplied electric power at the respective distribution location and generate measurement data based on the sensed voltage, the method comprising:

controlling the electric power transmission and distribution grid in a modification-on state or in a modification-off state;

wherein a controller applies the modification to generate an energy delivery parameter based on the measurement data when the controller is in the modification-on state, but not when the controller is in the modification-off state;

operating an component adjusting device configured to adjust a component of the electric power transmission and distribution grid in response to the energy delivery parameter;

measuring the component of the supplied electric power with the meters on an interval basis using an energy validation process, and determining the change in energy characteristics between the voltage conservation-voltage-reduction-on state and the conservation-voltage-reduction-off using a linear regression; and

operating the controller to identify modifications to the system using a linearized optimization based on the representation the energy characteristics.

33. The method of claim 31, wherein the component of the supplied electric power is voltage.

34. The method of claim 31, wherein the modification is conservation voltage reduction.

35. The method of claim 31, wherein the component of the electric power transmission and distribution grid adjusting device comprises:

a load tap change transformer that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point based on a load tap change coefficient;

or a voltage regulator that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point or at another point on the distribution grid based on the energy delivery parameter;

or a capacitor that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at a point on the distribution grid based on the energy delivery parameter.

37. The method of claim 31, wherein the energy characteristic is the energy savings.

38. The method of claim 31, wherein each meter'"'"'s data is averaged over the interval.

39. The method of claim 31, wherein the wherein the interval is a period of twenty-four hours.

40. The method of claim 31, wherein the interval is a period of four hours.

41. The method of claim 31, wherein the interval is a period of one hour.

42. The method of claim 31, wherein the abnormal operation includes a poor connection between a meter and a meter base, an overloaded secondary conductor, an overloaded secondary transformer, an incorrect transformer tap setting, an incompatible type of meter connected in a meter base, or a bad neutral connection.

32. A method for controlling electrical power supplied to a plurality of distribution locations located at or between a supply point and at least one user location, each of the plurality of distribution locations including at least one sensor configured to sense a voltage of the supplied electric power at the respective distribution location and generate measurement data based on the sensed voltage, the method comprising:

controlling the electric power transmission and distribution grid in a modification-on state or in a modification-off state;

wherein a controller applies the modification to generate an energy delivery parameter based on the measurement data when the controller is in the modification-on state, but not when the controller is in the modification-off state;

operating a component adjusting device configured to adjust a component of the electric power transmission and distribution grid in response to the energy delivery parameter;

measuring the component of the supplied electric power with the meters on an interval basis using an energy validation process, and determining the change in energy characteristics between the voltage conservation-voltage-reduction-on state and the conservation-voltage-reduction-off using a linear regression; and

operating the controller to identify abnormal operation of voltage using a linear regression technique that compares the operating linear regression pattern against patterns identified in a database relating to system reliability.

36. The method of claim 32 wherein the energy characteristic is the conservation voltage reduction factor.