Fibre optic based intrusion sensing system

• US 9,679,451 B2
• Filed: 04/15/2014
• Issued: 06/13/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 04/17/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ETH Zurich
• Original Assignee: ETH Zurich
• Inventors: Puzrin, Alexander, Hauswirth, Dominik, Friedli, Balz
• Primary Examiner(s): La, Anh V
• Application Number:
  US14/784,766
• Publication Number:
  US 20160086459A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,155 Days
• Field of Search: 340556, 340541, 340565, 340551, 340552, 340555, 340557, 340561, 340564, 25022716
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/353 influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 8/24 using optical fibres
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/124 with the breaking or disturbance being optically detected, e.g. optical fibers in the perimeter fence

Abstract

A fiber optic based intrusion sensing system includes two or more fiber optic cables buried in a shallow trench in the ground, side by side in a predetermined nonzero distance to each other and at one or more predetermined depths. A dynamic distributed fiber optic interrogator measures a predetermined property related to a change in the length of the cables connected to it. A control unit is connected to all interrogators and analyzes the measurements of the predetermined property and identifies objects on the surface by combining the simultaneous measurements of all cables and correlating the measurements to the type of object on the ground surface, the location of the object on the perimeter, the weight, speed and direction of the object, particularly the direction in or out of the secured perimeter.

Claims

1. A fiber optic based intrusion sensing system comprising:

at least two fiber optic cable parts buried in a shallow trench in the ground, side by side in a predetermined nonzero distance to each other, and at least one predetermined depths,

at least one dynamic distributed fiber optic interrogator measuring a predetermined property related to a change in length of the at least two fiber optic cable parts; and

a control unit;

wherein each of the at least two fiber optic cable parts has one end connected to said at least one fiber optic interrogator and one of a free second end at the end of a monitored perimeter and the second end is also connected to said at least one fiber optic interrogator;

wherein the control unit is connected to all of said at least one fiber optic interrogator and adapted to analyze the measurements of said predetermined property and adapted to identify an object on a ground surface by combining simultaneous measurements of all fiber optic cable parts; and

wherein the control unit analyzes the measurements and identifies objects on the surface by combining the measurements of all of the at least two parallel fiber optic cable parts and performing mechanical inverse analysis in order to calculate dynamic contact forces acting between the object and the ground surface and using a calculated pattern of contact forces over time and correlate the pattern to a type of object on the ground surface, a location of the object on the monitored perimeter, a weight of the object, a speed of the object and a direction of the object.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two fiber optic cable parts are placed one over each other with defined nonzero distances to each other.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two fiber optic cable parts are at least three fiber optic cable parts placed in a matrix configuration with a predetermined defined nonzero distance to each other.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the at least two fiber optic cable parts are realized through at least one serpentine-distributed fiber optic cable placed in serpentines in such a way that each cross-section of the trench is crossed at least two times by the at least one serpentine-distributed fiber optic cable and each part of the at least one serpentine-distributed fiber optic cable between the bends of the serpentine is parallel to each other with a defined nonzero distance to each other and in a defined depth, wherein each part of the at least one serpentine-distributed fiber optic cable between the bends has the same function as one of the at least two fiber optic cable parts.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one fiber optic cable is placed in a loop in such a way that the arms of the loop are parallel to each other in one trench with a defined nonzero distance to each other and in a defined depth, wherein each arm of the loop has the same function as one of the at least two fiber optic cable parts.

6. The system of claim 5 wherein both ends of the at least one fiber optic cable are connected to the at least one fiber optic interrogator.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit receives further calibration signals based on the mechanical inverse analysis in advance by moving defined objects over the ground surface and using knowledge of the objects, as input in order to calibrate parameters of the mechanical inverse analysis, wherein the receiving of the further calibration signals is done in a laboratory on a standardized soil used to refill the trench in a field.

8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical inverse analysis is improved in advance by moving defined objects over the ground surface and using knowledge of the objects, as input in order to calibrate the parameters of the mechanical inverse analysis, wherein this calibration process is done in a field, after placing the at least two fiber optic cable parts inside of the trench and refilling it, in order to determine an in situ parameter of the ground.

9. The system of claim 7, embodied as a perimeter security system, wherein the control unit, based on the identification of the object on the ground surface and predefined threatening objects, decides whether the object passing the monitored perimeter is threatening or not and based on this decision generates an alarm.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two fiber optic cable parts are buried in a shallow trench in the ground parallel to each other.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the direction of the object is a direction in or out of the monitored perimeter.