Methods for watermarking media data

• US 9,679,574 B2
• Filed: 09/17/2015
• Issued: 06/13/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 10/18/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Destiny Software Productions Incorporated (Destiny Media Technologies Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Destiny Software Productions Incorporated (Destiny Media Technologies Incorporated)
• Inventors: Vestergaard, Steven Erik, Tsui, Che-Wai
• Primary Examiner(s): Akhavannik, Hadi
• Application Number:
  US14/857,716
• Publication Number:
  US 20160042741A1
• Time in Patent Office: 635 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/005 Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0085 Time domain based watermarking, e.g. watermarks spread over several images
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0051 Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0052 Embedding of the watermark in the frequency domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0053 Embedding of the watermark in the coding stream, possibly without decoding; Embedding of the watermark in the compressed domain
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/018 Audio watermarking, i.e. embedding inaudible data in the audio signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32203 Spatial or amplitude domain methods H04N1/32309 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32208 involving changing the magnitude of selected pixels, e.g. overlay of information or super-imposition H04N1/32219, H04N1/32224 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32229 with selective or adaptive application of the additional information, e.g. in selected regions of the image H04N1/32213 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3233 of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/327 which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3284 for error correction

Abstract

Methods are provided for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain. The methods involve: dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; for each group, assigning a nominal bit value according to a bit assignment rule, assigning a watermark bit value and comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value. If the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group where re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group.

Claims

1. A method for embedding a watermark into digital media, the method comprising:

receiving watermark data, the watermark data comprising a plurality of water mark bit values;

parsing the digital media into a plurality of time slices, each time slice comprising a plurality of samples;

combining values of the samples in each of the plurality of time slices to obtain a single energy value for each of the plurality of time slices;

assembling the plurality of time slices and their corresponding energy values into a plurality of groups, each group comprising three or more time slices;

determining a nominal bit value for each group of time slices, the nominal bit value for each group of time slices based at least in part on the energy values of the three or more time slices of the group;

comparing the nominal bit value for each group to a corresponding one of the watermark bit values; and

for each particular group having a nominal bit value that does not match the corresponding one of the watermark bit values, adjusting one or more energy values of the three or more time slices of the particular group such that an adjusted nominal bit value of the particular group matches the corresponding one of the water mark bit values.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein each group of time slices contains an equal number of time slices.

3. A method according to claim 1 wherein combining the values of the samples in each of the plurality of time slices to obtain a single energy value for each of the plurality of time slices comprises digitally integrating the values of the samples in each of the plurality of time slices.

4. A method according to claim 1 wherein determining a nominal bit value for each group of time slices comprises assigning a category to each group of time slices according to a categorization rule.

5. A method according to claim 1 wherein determining a nominal bit value for each group of time slices comprises assigning a shape category to each group of time slices according to a shape categorization rule.

6. A method according to claim 5 wherein determining a nominal bit value for each group of time slices comprises applying one of a plurality of bit assignment rules to each group of time slices, wherein the bit assignment rule for each group of time slices corresponds to the shape category of each group of time slices.

7. A method according to claim 6 wherein, for each group of time slices, the one of the plurality of bit assignment rules is based on the energy values of the three or more time slices of the group.

8. A method according to claim 6 wherein, for each group of time slices, the one of the plurality of bit assignment rules is based on successive slopes between successive energy values of the three or more time slices of the group.

9. A method according to claim 5 wherein a particular shape category for a particular group of time slices is based on an energy value of a first time slice of the particular group relative to an energy value of a second time slice of the particular group and the energy value of a third time slice of the particular group relative to the energy values of the first and second time slices of the particular group.

10. A method according to claim 1 wherein adjusting one or more energy values of the three or more time slices of the particular group comprises modifying a single energy value.

11. A method according to claim 1 wherein adjusting one or more energy values of the three or more time slices of the particular group comprises repetitively incrementally modifying the one or more energy values of the three or more time slices of the particular group until satisfying a termination condition, the termination condition based on one or more energy values of the three or more time slices of the particular group.

12. A method according to claim 4 wherein adjusting one or more energy values of the three or more time slices of the particular group comprises modifying the one or more energy values of the three or more time slices of the particular group in such a manner that re-determination of the nominal bit value for the particular group of time slices would categorize the particular group into a different category.

13. A method according to claim 4 wherein adjusting one or more energy values of the three or more time slices of the particular group comprises modifying the one or more energy values of the three or more time slices of the particular group in such a manner that re-determination of the nominal bit value for the particular group of time slices would categorize the particular group into a same category.

14. A method according to claim 1 wherein adjusting one or more energy values of the three or more time slices of the particular group comprises adjusting the values of the samples of at least one of the three or more time slices of the particular group.

15. A method according to claim 14 wherein adjusting the values of the samples of the at least one of the three or more time slices of the particular group comprises adjusting values of the samples near a beginning and end of the at least one of the three or more time slices of the particular group by lesser amounts than values of the samples at a middle of the at least one of the three or more time slices of the particular group.

16. A method according to claim 1 wherein, if after adjusting one or more energy values of the three or more time slices of the particular group such that the nominal bit values of each group of time slices matches the corresponding one of the water mark bit values, the values of the samples of the one or more time slices of the particular group are modified beyond a modification threshold, then the samples of the one or more time slices are adjusted back to original values of the samples.

17. A method according to claim 1 wherein assembling the plurality of time slices into groups comprises defining the groups to overlap one another such that adjacent groups include one or more time slices in common.

18. A method for extracting watermark information from digital media, the method comprising:

parsing the digital media into a plurality of time slices, each time slice comprising a plurality of samples;

combining values of the samples in each of the plurality of time slices to obtain a single energy value for each of the plurality of time slices;

assembling the plurality of time slices and their corresponding energy values into groups, each group comprising three or more time slices;

determining an extracted bit value for each group of time slices, the extracted bit value for each group of time slices based at least in part on the energy values of the three or more time slices of the group; and

determining the extracted watermark to be a concatenation of the extracted bit values.

19. A method according to claim 18 comprising:

receiving watermark data, the watermark data comprising a plurality of water mark bit values;

comparing the extracted bit value for each group to a corresponding one of the watermark bit values; and

aligning the digital media with an original version of the digital media, wherein aligning the digital media comprises adding zero samples to the digital media or removing samples from the digital media to effectively temporally translate boundaries of the groups within the digital media.

20. A method according to claim 19 wherein aligning the digital media with the original version of the digital media comprises comparing each sample of the digital media with a corresponding sample of the original digital media and adding zero samples or removing samples from the digital media to minimize a metric associated with a difference between the digital media and the original version of the digital media.