Cardiac event sensing and pacing after delivery of an electrical stimulation pulse

• US 9,682,244 B2
• Filed: 10/21/2014
• Issued: 06/20/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 10/21/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Stadler, Robert W., Cao, Jian
• Primary Examiner(s): Bertram, Eric D.
• Application Number:
  US14/519,251
• Publication Number:
  US 20160106989A1
• Time in Patent Office: 973 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3622 comprising two or more electrodes co-operating with different heart regions
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/365 controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential evoked response A61N1/371
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/368 comprising more than one electrode co-operating with different heart regions A61N1/3622, A61N1/3627 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37252 Details of algorithms or data aspects of communication system, e.g. handshaking, transmitting specific data or segmenting data
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/39622 Pacing therapy

Abstract

A medical device is configured to deliver a shock to a patient'"'"'s heart via electrodes coupled to the medical device and set an escape interval timer to start running an escape interval after delivering the electrical shock. A sensing module of the medical device is configured to sense a cardiac event in response to a cardiac electrical signal received by the medical device crossing a sensing threshold. The medical device determines if the cardiac event meets reset criteria and allows the escape interval timer to continue running the escape interval if the cardiac event does not meet the reset criteria.

Claims

1. A method performed by a medical device, comprising:

delivering an electrical shock to a heart of a patient;

setting an escape interval timer to start running an escape interval after delivering the electrical shock;

obtaining a cardiac electrical signal;

determining that the obtained cardiac electrical signal crosses a sensing threshold during the escape interval;

detecting a cardiac event within the cardiac electrical signal in response to determining the cardiac electrical signal obtained by the medical device crosses the sensing threshold during the escape interval;

determining if the detected cardiac event meets reset criteria, the reset criteria being different than the sensing threshold;

allowing the escape interval timer to continue running the escape interval if the detected cardiac event does not meet the reset criteria; and

resetting the escape interval timer if the detected cardiac event meets the reset criteria.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

delivering a post-shock pacing pulse in response to the escape interval expiring;

restarting the escape interval timer to run a pacing escape interval in response to the post-shock pacing pulse; and

automatically adjusting a cardiac event sensing threshold according to a post-pace decay sequence controlled by a first set of sensing control parameters in response to the post-shock pacing pulse.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising starting a post-sense decay sequence in response to sensing a cardiac event during the pacing escape interval, the post-sense decay sequence controlled by a second set of sensing control parameters different than the first set of sensing control parameters so that the post-pace decay sequence is different than the post-sense decay sequence.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:

setting a post-shock pacing period after delivering the electrical shock;

resuming a pre-shock decay sequence for automatically adjusting the cardiac event sensing threshold upon expiration of the post-shock pacing period, the pre-shock decay sequence comprising at least a drop time interval for controlling a decrease of the cardiac event sensing threshold from a starting threshold amplitude to an intermediate sensing threshold amplitude,

wherein the post-sense decay sequence comprises a post-sense drop time interval that is less than the pre-shock drop time interval.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

setting a post-shock blanking interval during which cardiac event sensing by the medical device is disabled;

setting a post-shock signal analysis segment following the blanking interval during which cardiac event sensing by the medical device is enabled but pacing pulse delivery is disabled; and

starting the post-shock pacing period upon expiration of the post-shock signal analysis segment, the pacing escape interval started during the post-shock pacing period.

6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

determining a pre-shock cardiac event amplitude; and

setting an initial amplitude of the cardiac sensing threshold during the post-pace decay sequence based on the pre-shock cardiac event amplitude.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the pre-shock cardiac event amplitude comprises producing a cardiac event template during a known pre-shock cardiac rhythm and determining a maximum peak cardiac event amplitude from the template.

8. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

determining a pre-shock R-wave amplitude;

determining a pre-shock P-wave amplitude; and

selecting an initial amplitude of the cardiac sensing threshold during the post-pace decay sequence based on an analysis of both of the pre-shock R-wave amplitude and the pre-shock P-wave amplitude.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein determining if the cardiac event meets the reset criteria comprises:

establishing a reset amplitude, the reset amplitude being larger than the sensing threshold;

comparing a peak amplitude of the sensed cardiac event to the reset amplitude; and

determining that the reset criteria are met if the peak amplitude exceeds the reset amplitude.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein establishing the reset amplitude comprises:

determining a pre-shock cardiac event amplitude; and

setting the reset amplitude based on the pre-shock cardiac event amplitude.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein determining if the cardiac event meets the reset criteria comprises:

establishing a reset interval;

determining a cardiac event interval from the sensed cardiac event to a preceding cardiac event;

comparing the cardiac event interval to the reset interval; and

determining that the reset criteria are met if the cardiac event interval is less than the reset interval.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein establishing the reset interval comprises setting the reset interval based on a tachyarrhythmia detection interval.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

delivering a post-shock pacing pulse if the escape interval expires;

resetting the escape interval timer to a pacing escape interval in response to the post-shock pacing pulse;

wherein resetting the escape interval timer in response to the cardiac event meeting the reset criteria comprises setting the escape interval timer to a hysteresis interval that is longer than the pacing escape interval.

14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

sensing a first plurality of cardiac events on a first cardiac electrical signal sensing channel of the medical device;

sensing a second plurality of cardiac events on a second cardiac electrical signal sensing channel of the medical device;

comparing each of the first plurality of cardiac events and each of the second plurality of cardiac events to the reset criteria;

resetting the escape interval timer each time one of the first plurality of cardiac events meets the reset criteria and each time one of the second plurality of cardiac events meets the reset criteria, wherein resetting the escape interval timer comprises resetting the escape interval timer to a hysteresis escape interval; and

delivering a post-shock pacing pulse if the hysteresis escape interval expires without at least one of the first plurality of cardiac events and the second plurality of cardiac events meeting the reset criteria during the hysteresis escape interval.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:

starting a post-sense decay sequence for automatically adjusting a first cardiac event sensing threshold of the first cardiac electrical signal sensing channel in response to every one of the first plurality of cardiac events; and

starting the post-sense decay sequence for automatically adjusting a second cardiac event sensing threshold of the second cardiac electrical signal sensing channel in response to every one of the second plurality of cardiac events.

16. The device of claim 1, wherein:

the therapy delivery module is configured to deliver a post-shock pacing pulse in response to the escape interval expiring;

the control module is further configured to reset the escape interval timer to a pacing escape interval in response to the post-shock pacing pulse,

wherein resetting the escape interval timer in response to the sensed cardiac event meeting the reset criteria comprises setting the escape interval timer to a hysteresis interval that is longer than the pacing escape interval.

17. A medical device, comprising:

a therapy delivery module configured to deliver an electrical shock to a patient'"'"'s heart via electrodes coupled to the medical device;

a sensing module configured to receive a cardiac electrical signal, determine that the cardiac electrical signal crosses a sensing threshold, detect a cardiac event within the cardiac electrical signal in response to determining the cardiac electrical signal crosses the sensing threshold, and produce a cardiac event sense signal in response to detecting the cardiac event; and

a control module coupled to the sensing module and the therapy delivery module and configured to;

set an escape interval timer to start running an escape interval after the therapy delivery module delivers the electrical shock,

in response to receiving the cardiac event sense signal from the sensing module during the escape interval timer, determine if the detected cardiac event meets reset criteria,

allow the escape interval timer to continue running the escape interval if the detected cardiac event does not meet the reset criteria, and

reset the escape interval timer in response to the detected cardiac event meeting the reset criteria.

18. The device of claim 17, wherein:

the therapy delivery module is configured to deliver a post-shock pacing pulse in response to the escape interval expiring;

the control module is configured to restart the escape interval timer to run a pacing escape interval in response to the post-shock pacing pulse; and

the sensing module is configured to automatically adjust a cardiac event sensing threshold according to a post-pace decay sequence controlled by a first set of sensing control parameters in response to the post-shock pacing pulse.

19. The device of claim 18, wherein the sensing module is further configured to start a post-sense decay sequence in response to sensing a cardiac event during the pacing escape interval, the post-sense decay sequence controlled by a second set of sensing control parameters different than the first set of sensing control parameters so that the post-pace decay sequence is different than the post-sense decay sequence.

20. The device of claim 19, wherein:

the control module is further configured to set a post-shock pacing period after the electrical shock is delivered;

the sensing module is configured to resume a pre-shock decay sequence for automatically adjusting the cardiac event sensing threshold upon expiration of the post-shock pacing period, the pre-shock decay sequence comprising at least a drop time interval for controlling a decrease of the cardiac event sensing threshold from a starting threshold amplitude to an intermediate sensing threshold amplitude,

wherein the post-sense decay sequence comprises a post-sense drop time interval that is less than the pre-shock drop time interval.

21. The device of claim 20, wherein the control module is further configured to:

set a post-shock blanking interval during which cardiac event sensing by the sensing module is disabled;

set a post-shock signal analysis segment following the blanking interval during which cardiac event sensing by sensing module is enabled, but pacing pulse delivery by the therapy delivery module is disabled; and

start the post-shock pacing period upon expiration of the post-shock signal analysis segment, the pacing escape interval started during the post-shock pacing period.

22. The device of claim 18, wherein:

the control module is further configured to determine a pre-shock cardiac event amplitude; and

the sensing module is configured to set an initial amplitude of the cardiac sensing threshold during the post-pace decay sequence based on the pre-shock cardiac event amplitude.

23. The device of claim 22, wherein determining the pre-shock cardiac event amplitude comprises producing a cardiac event template during a known pre-shock cardiac rhythm and determining a maximum peak cardiac event amplitude from the template.

24. The device of claim 18, wherein the control module is further configured to:

determine a pre-shock R-wave amplitude;

determine a pre-shock P-wave amplitude; and

select a starting amplitude of the cardiac sensing threshold used by the sensing module during the post-pace decay sequence based on an analysis of both of the pre-shock R-wave amplitude and the pre-shock P-wave amplitude.

25. The device of claim 17, wherein the control module is further configured to determine if the cardiac event meets the reset criteria by at least:

establishing a reset amplitude, the reset amplitude being larger than the sensing threshold;

comparing a peak amplitude of the cardiac event to the reset amplitude; and

determining that the reset criteria are met if the peak amplitude exceeds the reset amplitude.

26. The device of claim 25, wherein the control module is configured to establish the reset amplitude by at least:

determining a pre-shock cardiac event amplitude; and

setting the reset amplitude based on the pre-shock cardiac event amplitude.

27. The device of claim 17, wherein the control module is configured to determine if the cardiac event meets the reset criteria by at least:

establishing a reset interval;

determining a cardiac event interval from the cardiac event to a preceding cardiac event;

comparing the cardiac event interval to the reset interval; and

determining that the reset criteria are met if the cardiac event interval is less than the reset interval.

28. The device of claim 27, wherein the control module is further configured to detect a tachyarrhythmia in response to the cardiac electrical signal by at least comparing cardiac event intervals to a tachyarrhythmia detection interval, the control module configured to establish the reset interval by setting the reset interval based on the tachyarrhythmia detection interval.

29. The device of claim 17, wherein:

the sensing module comprises;

a first cardiac electrical signal sensing channel configured to sense a first plurality of cardiac events;

a second cardiac electrical signal sensing channel configured to sense a second plurality of cardiac events;

the control module is configured to;

compare each of the first plurality of cardiac events and each of the second plurality of cardiac events to the reset criteria;

reset the escape interval timer each time one of the first plurality of cardiac events meets the reset criteria and each time one of the second plurality of cardiac events meets the reset criteria, wherein resetting the escape interval timer comprises resetting the escape interval timer to a hysteresis escape interval; and

the therapy delivery module is configured to;

deliver a post-shock pacing pulse if the hysteresis escape interval expires without at least one of the first plurality of cardiac events and the second plurality of cardiac events meeting the reset criteria during the hysteresis escape interval.

30. The device of claim 29, wherein the sensing module is further configured to:

start a post-sense decay sequence for automatically adjusting a first cardiac event sensing threshold of the first cardiac electrical signal sensing channel in response to every one of the first plurality of cardiac events; and

start the post-sense decay sequence for automatically adjusting a second cardiac event sensing threshold of the second cardiac electrical signal sensing channel in response to every one of the second plurality of cardiac events.

31. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions which, when executed by a control module of a medical device, cause the medical device to:

deliver a shock to a patient'"'"'s heart via electrodes coupled to the medical device

set an escape interval timer to start running an escape interval after delivering the electrical shock;

obtain a cardiac electrical signal;

determine that the obtained cardiac electrical signal crosses a sensing threshold during the escape interval;

detect an R-wave within the obtained cardiac electrical signal in response to determining the cardiac electrical signal crosses the sensing threshold;

determine if the R-wave meets reset criteria; and

allow the escape interval timer to continue running the escape interval if the R-wave does not meet the reset criteria and reset the escape interval timer in response to the R-wave meeting the reset criteria.