Detection of chronic kidney disease and disease progression
First Claim
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1. A method of diagnosing or staging chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a subject, the method comprising the steps of:
- (a) providing a system comprising a sensor array comprising at least two sensors comprising gold nanoparticles capped with an organic coating selected from the group consisting of 2-ethylhexanethiol, tert-dodecanethiol, hexanethiol and dibutyl disulfide; and
a processing unit comprising a pattern recognition algorithm;
(b) exposing the sensor array to a test exhaled breath sample;
(c) measuring a plurality of electric signals generated by detection of a plurality of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) indicative of chronic kidney disease and its stages in the test sample by the sensor array, wherein the VOC indicative of stage 2 CKD is selected from the group consisting of toluene, 2,2,6-trimethyl-octane 2-butanone, and combinations thereof;
wherein the VOC indicative of stage 2-3 CKD is acetone;
wherein the VOCs indicative of probability of stage 4 CKD is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, acetoin and a combination thereof;
wherein the VOC indicative of stage 5 CKD is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, acetoin and a combination thereof; and
wherein the VOC indicative of subject not afflicted with CKD is styrene, and the plurality of electric signals form a response pattern; and
(d) analyzing the response pattern obtained in step (c) using the pattern recognition algorithm by comparing the response pattern to stored data obtained from a set of control samples, the set of control samples being obtained from a control subject selected from the group consisting of a person who is not afflicted with CKD, a person known to be afflicted with stage 2 CKD, a person known to be afflicted with stage 3 CKD, a person known to be afflicted with stage 4 CKD, and a person known to be afflicted with stage 5 CKD, thereby providing the diagnosis or staging of chronic kidney disease.
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Abstract
The present invention provides a sensor or a system comprising gold nanoparticles coated with specific organic coatings for diagnosing, staging or monitoring chronic kidney disease.
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12 Claims
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1. A method of diagnosing or staging chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a subject, the method comprising the steps of:
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(a) providing a system comprising a sensor array comprising at least two sensors comprising gold nanoparticles capped with an organic coating selected from the group consisting of 2-ethylhexanethiol, tert-dodecanethiol, hexanethiol and dibutyl disulfide; and
a processing unit comprising a pattern recognition algorithm;(b) exposing the sensor array to a test exhaled breath sample; (c) measuring a plurality of electric signals generated by detection of a plurality of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) indicative of chronic kidney disease and its stages in the test sample by the sensor array, wherein the VOC indicative of stage 2 CKD is selected from the group consisting of toluene, 2,2,6-trimethyl-octane 2-butanone, and combinations thereof;
wherein the VOC indicative of stage 2-3 CKD is acetone;
wherein the VOCs indicative of probability of stage 4 CKD is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, acetoin and a combination thereof;
wherein the VOC indicative of stage 5 CKD is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, acetoin and a combination thereof; and
wherein the VOC indicative of subject not afflicted with CKD is styrene, and the plurality of electric signals form a response pattern; and(d) analyzing the response pattern obtained in step (c) using the pattern recognition algorithm by comparing the response pattern to stored data obtained from a set of control samples, the set of control samples being obtained from a control subject selected from the group consisting of a person who is not afflicted with CKD, a person known to be afflicted with stage 2 CKD, a person known to be afflicted with stage 3 CKD, a person known to be afflicted with stage 4 CKD, and a person known to be afflicted with stage 5 CKD, thereby providing the diagnosis or staging of chronic kidney disease. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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Specification