Non-linear control for voltage regulator

• US 9,696,350 B2
• Filed: 05/31/2013
• Issued: 07/04/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Schrom, Gerhard, Rogers, Michael W., Lyakhov, Alexander, Vunnam, Ravi Sankar, Burton, Edward A., Hodgson, J. Keith, Paillet, Fabrice, Tang, Chiu Keung, Raghuraman, Narayanan, Natarajan, Narayanan, Samaan, Samie, Geannopoulos, George, Kesling, William Dawson, Douglas, Jonathan P.
• Primary Examiner(s): ROSARIO BENITEZ, GUSTAVO A
• Application Number:
  US13/907,802
• Publication Number:
  US 20140266119A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,495 Days
• Field of Search: 323282-284
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 19/0092 measuring current only all subgroups of G01R19/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 3/40 Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0009 Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/088 for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1566 with means for compensating against rapid load changes, e.g. with auxiliary current source, with dual mode control or with inductance variation
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/157 with digital control
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 5/00 Automatic control of voltage, current, or power
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 1/66 Digital/analogue converters H03M1/001 – H03M1/10 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 1/685 the quantisation value generators of both converters being arranged in a common two-dimensional array

Abstract

Described is an apparatus having a non-linear control to manage power supply droop at an output of a voltage regulator. The apparatus comprises: a first inductor for coupling to a load; a capacitor, coupled to the first inductor, and for coupling to the load; a first high-side switch couple to the first inductor; a first low-side switch coupled to the first inductor; a bridge controller to control when to turn on and off the first high-side and first low-side switches; and a non-linear control (NLC) unit to monitor output voltage on the load, and to cause the bridge controller to turn on the first high-side switch and turn off the first low-side switch when a voltage droop is detected on the load.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

a first inductor for coupling to a load;

a capacitor, coupled to the first inductor, and for coupling to the load;

a first high-side switch coupled to the first inductor;

a first low-side switch coupled to the first inductor;

a bridge controller to control when to turn on and off the first high-side and first low-side switches;

a non-linear control (NLC) unit having an input coupled between the first inductor and the load to monitor an output voltage on the load, and an output to provide a trigger signal to cause the bridge controller to turn on the first high-side switch and turn off the first low-side switch when a droop on the output voltage is detected on the load, wherein the trigger signal is a pulse signal having a pulse width indicative of a time duration of the output voltage droop, wherein the NLC unit comprises;

a second comparator; and

a network of devices forming a high pass filter to couple Alternating Current (AC) output voltage on the load to input of the second comparator, wherein an output of the second comparator to control a second logic unit.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprises:

a second inductor or resistor, coupled to the capacitor, and for coupling to the load;

a second high-side switch coupled to the second inductor or resistor; and

a clamp controller to control when to turn on and off the second high-side switch.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprises:

a second low-side switch coupled to the second inductor.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second inductor, second high-side switch, second low-side switch, and clamp controller are smaller in size than the first inductor, first high-side switch, first low-side switch, and bridge controller respectively.

5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the NLC unit is coupled to the clamp controller.

6. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprises a pulse adjuster to adjust a pulse width of an output of the NLC unit, wherein the pulse adjuster is coupled to the clamp controller.

7. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprises a compensator to adjust reference voltage to the comparator according to the output voltage on the load.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 further comprises a voltage boost unit coupled to the compensator, the voltage boost unit operable to adjust the reference voltage to the comparator in response to an output of the NLC unit.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the voltage boost unit is operable to adjust the reference voltage of the comparator by a programmable amount according to at least one of factors of power consumption by the load and turn on activity of the second high-side switch.

10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the voltage boost unit is operable to adjust the reference voltage by increasing the reference voltage followed by gradual decreasing of the reference voltage.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprises a wave generator to generate a signal which is received by the comparator.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the load is at least one of:

a processor core;

a graphics core;

or

a memory.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprises a pulse adjuster to adjust a pulse width of an output of the NLC unit.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprises:

a compensator to adjust a reference voltage to the comparator according to the output voltage on the load; and

a voltage boost unit coupled to the compensator, the voltage boost unit operable to adjust the reference voltage to the comparator in response to an output of the NLC unit.

22. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the logic unit receives the output of the comparator and generates an output of the logic unit, the output of the logic unit is received by the bridge controller.

11. An apparatus comprising:

a first inductor for coupling to a load;

a capacitor, coupled to the first inductor, and for coupling to the load;

a first high-side switch coupled to the first inductor;

a first low-side switch coupled to the first inductor;

a bridge controller to control when to turn on and off the first high-side and first low-side switches;

a non-linear control (NLC) unit having an input coupled between the first inductor and the load to monitor an output voltage on the load, and an output to provide a trigger signal to cause the bridge controller to turn on the first high-side switch and turn off the first low-side switch when a droop on the output voltage is detected on the load, wherein the trigger signal is a pulse signal having a pulse width indicative of a time duration of the output voltage droop, wherein the NLC unit comprises;

a second comparator; and

a network of devices forming a high pass filter with finite direct current (DC) gain to couple alternating current (AC) and DC output voltage on the load to input of the second comparator, wherein an output of the second comparator to control a second logic unit.

16. An apparatus comprising:

a bridge controller to control when to turn on and off a first high-side and a first low-side switches coupled to a load via an inductor;

a non-linear control (NLC) unit having an input coupled between the inductor and the load to monitor an output voltage on the load, and an output to provide a trigger signal to cause the bridge controller to turn on the first high-side switch and turn off the first low-side switch when a droop on the output voltage is detected on the load, wherein the trigger signal is a pulse signal having a pulse width indicative of a time duration of the output voltage droop;

a first comparator to compare a periodic signal relative to a reference voltage, wherein the NLC unit comprises;

a second comparator; and

a network of devices forming a high pass filter to couple Alternating Current (AC) output voltage on the load to input of the second comparator, wherein an output of the second comparator to control the logic unit.

18. The apparatus of claim 16 further comprises a voltage boost unit coupled to a compensator, the voltage boost unit operable to adjust the reference voltage to the comparator in response to the output of the NLC unit.

17. An apparatus comprising:

a bridge controller to control when to turn on and off a first high-side and a first low-side switches coupled to a load via an inductor;

a non-linear control (NLC) unit having an input coupled between the inductor and the load to monitor an output voltage on the load, and an output to provide a trigger signal to cause the bridge controller to turn on the first high-side switch and turn off the first low-side switch when a droop on the output voltage is detected on the load, wherein the trigger signal is a pulse signal having a pulse width indicative of a time duration of the output voltage droop;

a first comparator to compare a periodic signal relative to a reference voltage, wherein the NLC unit comprises;

a second comparator; and

a network of devices forming a high pass filter with finite direct current (DC) gain to couple alternating current (AC) and DC output voltage on the load to input of the second comparator, wherein an output of the second comparator to control the logic unit.

19. A system comprising:

a memory unit;

a processor coupled to the memory unit, the processor including a voltage regulator, the voltage regulator comprising;

a first inductor for coupling to a load;

a capacitor, coupled to the first inductor, and for coupling to the load;

a first high-side switch coupled to the first inductor;

a first low-side switch coupled to the first inductor;

a bridge controller to control when to turn on and off the first high-side and first low-side switches;

a non-linear control (NLC) unit having an input coupled between the first inductor and the load to monitor an output voltage on the load, and an output to provide a trigger signal to cause the bridge controller to turn on the first high-side switch and turn off the first low-side switch when a droop on the output voltage is detected on the load, wherein the trigger signal is a pulse signal having a pulse width indicative of a time duration of the output voltage droop; and

a wireless interface for allowing the processor to communicate with other devices, wherein the NLC unit comprises at least one of;

a network of devices forming a high pass filter to couple Alternating Current (AC) output voltage on the load to input of a second comparator, wherein an output of the second comparator to control a logic unit for controlling the bridge controller, or

a network of devices forming a high pass filter with finite direct current (DC) gain to couple AC and DC output voltage on the load to input of the second comparator, wherein an output of the second comparator to control the logic unit for controlling the bridge controller.

20. The system of claim 19 further comprises a display unit to display data processed by the processor.

21. The system of claim 19 further comprises:

a second inductor or resistor, coupled to the capacitor, and for coupling to the load;

a second high-side switch coupled to the second inductor or resistor; and

a clamp controller to control when to turn on and off the second high-side switch.