Systems and methods for restoring service within electrical power systems

• US 9,698,616 B2
• Filed: 09/13/2012
• Issued: 07/04/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Hitachi Energy Limited
• Original Assignee: ABB Research Ltd. (ABB Ltd.)
• Inventors: Stoupis, James, Mohagheghi, Salman
• Primary Examiner(s): Fennema, Robert
• Assistant Examiner(s): Stevens, Thomas
• Application Number:
  US14/354,267
• Publication Number:
  US 20140285154A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,755 Days
• Field of Search: 136205, 700286, 700291, 702 63
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/30 AC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/40 DC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/72 Charging station selection relying on external data
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/80 Time limits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/58 Departure time prediction
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0069 relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/04 Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions protective devices and circuit arrangements in general H01H; H02H
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/30 using propulsion power stored mechanically, e.g. in fly-wheels
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/40 using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/14 Conductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/65 involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/68 Off-site monitoring or control, e.g. remote control
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 55/00 Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/21 having the same nominal voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/40 for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00017 using optical fiber
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00034 the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/001 Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/0073 for providing alternative feeding paths between load and source when the main path fails, e.g. transformers, busbars
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/322 the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 : Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 4/00 : Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 : Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 : Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 : Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 : the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/14 : Energy storage units
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/12 : Remote or cooperative charging
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 : Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/124 : using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses

Abstract

Systems and methods for restoring service within electrical power systems are disclosed. The methods may include identifying a restoration path for an outage area within a power system, selecting a mobile energy resource connection site that is electrically connected to the restoration path and/or the outage area, sending power injection requests to a plurality of mobile energy resources, at least some of which may be proximate the connection site, receiving power injection acceptances from participating ones of the plurality of mobile energy resources, and implementing the restoration path. The systems may include a processor and a computer readable storage medium having a plurality of machine-readable instructions embodied thereon and configured for execution by the processor to carry out the method.

Claims

1. A method for restoring service within an electrical power system, the method comprising:

identifying a restoration path for an outage area within the electrical power system;

selecting a mobile energy resource connection site that is electrically connected to at least one of the restoration path and the outage area;

sending power injection requests to a first plurality of mobile energy resources, at least some of which are proximate the mobile energy resource connection site, the power injection requests comprising requests for the first plurality of mobile energy resources to inject power;

receiving power injection acceptances from participating ones of the first plurality of mobile energy resources;

determining a first available power injection from the participating ones of the first plurality of mobile energy resources;

implementing the restoration path to inject power from one or more of the first plurality of mobile energy resources to the restoration path when the first available power injection has a magnitude greater than required to permit restoring service to at least a portion of the outage area, wherein the restoration path includes a portion of a distribution feeder of a utility power grid;

sending power injection requests to a second plurality of mobile energy resources proximate the connection site when the first available power injection has a magnitude less than required to permit restoring service to the portion of the outage area;

receiving power injection acceptances from participating ones of the second plurality of mobile energy resources;

determining a second available power injection from participating ones of the first and second pluralities of mobile energy resources; and

implementing the restoration path when the second available power injection has a magnitude greater than required-to permit restoring service to the portion of the outage area.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the power injection requests direct the mobile energy resources to inject power at the connection site.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein implementing the restoration path comprises executing at least one switching action.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first available power injection has a magnitude greater than required to supply at least some loads in the outage area by at least a predetermined margin.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of mobile energy resources are vehicles comprising electrical energy sources and the connection site is configured to selectively exchange power with the plurality of electrical energy source.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein at least some of the plurality of mobile energy resources are plug-in electric vehicles and the connection site is a charging station configured for use with the plug-in electric vehicles.

7. The method of claim 1, comprising:

isolating a fault in the electrical power system and creating the outage area; and

identifying a restoration source for the outage area.

8. The method of claim 1 embodied as a plurality of machine-readable instructions on a computer readable storage medium, wherein the plurality of machine-readable instructions are configured to be executed by at least one computer processor to perform the method.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first mobile energy resources are proximate the connection site when the first mobile energy resources are within an acceptable distance defined for the connection site.

10. A method for restoring service within an electrical power system including a utility grid electrical power line dividable into a plurality of portions, the method comprising:

identifying a restoration path for an outage area within the electrical power system;

selecting an electric vehicle charging station electrically connected to at least one of the restoration path and the outage area;

sending discharge requests to a first plurality of electric vehicles, at least some of which are proximate the electric vehicle charging station, the discharge requests including request for the first plurality of vehicles to discharge power;

receiving discharge acceptances from participating ones of the first plurality of electric vehicles;

determining a first available power injection from the participating ones of the first plurality of electric vehicles;

implementing the restoration path including executing at least one switching action to implement the restoration path when the first available power injection has a magnitude greater than required to supply power to-at least a portion of the outage area, wherein the restoration path includes a portion of the utility grid electrical power line receiving injected power and an act of implementing the restoration path includes actuating one or more of a plurality of switches to select the portion of the utility grid electrical power line receiving injected power;

identifying a second plurality of electric vehicles proximate the electric vehicle charging station when the first available power injection has a magnitude less than required to permit restoring service to at least the portion of the outage area;

sending discharge requests to the second plurality of electric vehicles;

receiving discharge acceptances from participating ones of the second plurality of electric vehicles;

determining a second available power injection from participating ones of the first and second pluralities of electric vehicles; and

implementing the restoration path when the second available power injection has a magnitude greater than required to permit restoring service to at least the portion of the outage area.

11. The method of claim 10, comprising identifying the first plurality of electric vehicles as being proximate the electric vehicle charging station.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the discharge requests comprise instructions to proceed to the electric vehicle charging station and inject power into the electric power system.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein the portion of the outage area includes at least one load, and the available power injection has a magnitude greater than required to supply the at least one load by at least a predetermined margin.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein at least some of the plurality of electric vehicles are plug-in electric vehicles and the charging station is configured to selectively receive power from the plug-in electric vehicles.

15. The method of claim 10, comprising:

creating the outage area by isolating a fault in the electrical power system; and

identifying a restoration source for the outage area.

16. The method of claim 10, wherein the first plurality of electric vehicles are proximate the electric vehicle charging station when the first plurality of electric vehicles are within a predefined expected travel distance from the electric vehicle charging station.

17. A system for restoring service within an electrical power system including a distribution feeder, the system comprising:

a processor; and

a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having a plurality of machine-readable instructions embodied thereon and configured for execution by the processor, the plurality of machine-readable instructions comprising a set of instructions to;

identify a restoration path for an outage area within the electrical power system;

select an electric vehicle charging station electrically connected to at least one of the restoration path and the outage area;

send power injection requests to a first plurality of electric vehicles, at least some of which are proximate the electric vehicle charging station, the power injection requests comprising requests for injection of power from the first plurality of electric vehicles;

receive power injection acceptances from participating ones of the first plurality of electric vehicles;

determine a first available power injection from the participating ones of the first plurality of electric vehicles;

implement the restoration path when the first available power injection has a magnitude greater than required to supply at least one load in the outage area by at least a predetermined margin, wherein the restoration path includes the electric vehicle charging station coupled to a first point of the distribution feeder outside of the outage area and a portion of the distribution feeder between the first point and the outage area;

identify a second plurality of electric vehicles proximate the electric vehicle charging station when the first available power injection has a magnitude less than required to supply the at least one load in the outage area by at least a predetermined margin;

send power injection requests to the second plurality of electric vehicles, the power injection requests comprising requests for injection of power by the vehicles;

receive power injection acceptances from participating ones of the second plurality of electric vehicles;

determine a second available power injection from participating ones of the first and second pluralities of electric vehicles; and

implement the restoration path when the second available power injection has a magnitude greater than required to supply the at least one load in the outage area by at least the predetermined margin.