Real-time electronic sequencing
First Claim
1. A method for nucleic acid sequencing comprising:
- providing a substrate comprising an array of nanoFETs, each comprising a source, a drain, and a gate, wherein a plurality of the nanoFETs comprise a single polymerase enzyme complex comprising a polymerase enzyme and a template nucleic acid, the complex attached to gate of the nanoFET or to the substrate proximate to the gate of the nanoFET;
providing a plurality of types of nucleotide analogs, each type of nucleotide comprising a conductivity label attached to the phosphate portion of the nucleotide analog through a linker, wherein each type of nucleotide has a different linker, and each different linker is selected such that each type of nucleotide exhibits different current oscillation frequency characteristics;
exposing the substrate to the plurality of types of nucleotide analogs under conditions whereby polymerase mediated nucleic acid synthesis occurs, resulting in cleavage of the conductivity label and the growth of a nascent nucleic acid strand;
applying a voltage between the source and drain, whereby when a nucleotide analog resides in the active site of the enzyme, the conductivity label on the nucleotide analog produces a measurable change in the conductivity of the gate;
monitoring an electrical signal at the nanoFET over time to detect an incorporation event for a nucleotide analog, the electrical signal including current oscillation frequency while the nucleotide analog is associated with the polymerase enzyme using the monitored electrical signal to identify the type of nucleotide incorporated; and
using a plurality of monitored electrical signals to determine a sequence of the template nucleic acid.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Real time electronic sequencing methods, devices, and systems are described. Arrays of nanoscale electronic elements comprising capacitive devices with one or two electrodes, or arrays of nanoFET devices are used to provide sequence information about a template nucleic acid in a polymerase-template complex bound proximate to the nanoscale electronic elements or to the substrate proximate to the nanoscale electronic element. A sequencing reaction mixture comprising nucleotide analogs having impedance labels, capacitive labels, or conductivity labels is introduced to the array of nanoscale electronic elements comprising capacitive devices or nanoFETs under conditions of polymerase mediated nucleic acid synthesis. The time sequence of incorporation of nucleotide analogs is determined by identifying the types of labels of the nucleotide analogs that are incorporated into the growing strand using measured impedance, conductivity, or capacitance.
80 Citations
15 Claims
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1. A method for nucleic acid sequencing comprising:
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providing a substrate comprising an array of nanoFETs, each comprising a source, a drain, and a gate, wherein a plurality of the nanoFETs comprise a single polymerase enzyme complex comprising a polymerase enzyme and a template nucleic acid, the complex attached to gate of the nanoFET or to the substrate proximate to the gate of the nanoFET; providing a plurality of types of nucleotide analogs, each type of nucleotide comprising a conductivity label attached to the phosphate portion of the nucleotide analog through a linker, wherein each type of nucleotide has a different linker, and each different linker is selected such that each type of nucleotide exhibits different current oscillation frequency characteristics; exposing the substrate to the plurality of types of nucleotide analogs under conditions whereby polymerase mediated nucleic acid synthesis occurs, resulting in cleavage of the conductivity label and the growth of a nascent nucleic acid strand; applying a voltage between the source and drain, whereby when a nucleotide analog resides in the active site of the enzyme, the conductivity label on the nucleotide analog produces a measurable change in the conductivity of the gate; monitoring an electrical signal at the nanoFET over time to detect an incorporation event for a nucleotide analog, the electrical signal including current oscillation frequency while the nucleotide analog is associated with the polymerase enzyme using the monitored electrical signal to identify the type of nucleotide incorporated; and using a plurality of monitored electrical signals to determine a sequence of the template nucleic acid. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
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Specification