Systems, apparatuses and methods for beamforming RFID tags

• US 9,715,609 B1
• Filed: 03/07/2014
• Issued: 07/25/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 03/11/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Original Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Inventors: Fink, Patrick W., Lin, Gregory Y., Ngo, Phong H., Kennedy, Timothy F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Barakat, Mohamed
• Application Number:
  US14/201,402
• Time in Patent Office: 1,236 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/765 with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10356 using a plurality of antennas, e.g. configurations including means to resolve interference between the plurality of antennas
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10366 the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/2208 associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns G06K7/00; record carrier for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings G06K19/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/2225 used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/273 Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/28 Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/3275 mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 25/00 Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern H01Q3/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/40 with phasing matrix
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/77 for interrogation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0408 using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0617 for beam forming
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/086 using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming

Abstract

A radio frequency identification (RFID) system includes an RFID interrogator and an RFID tag having a plurality of information sources and a beamforming network. The tag receives electromagnetic radiation from the interrogator. The beamforming network directs the received electromagnetic radiation to a subset of the plurality of information sources. The RFID tag transmits a response to the received electromagnetic radiation, based on the subset of the plurality of information sources to which the received electromagnetic radiation was directed. Method and other embodiments are also disclosed.

Claims

1. A radio frequency identification (RFID) system, comprising:

an RFID tag comprising;

a plurality of information sources; and

a beamforming network,

wherein the RFID tag is configured to receive electromagnetic radiation from an RFID interrogator, the beamforming network is configured to direct the received electromagnetic radiation to a subset of the plurality of information sources, and the RFID tag is configured to transmit a response to the received electromagnetic radiation, the response based on the subset of the plurality of information sources to which the received electromagnetic radiation was directed.

2. The system of claim 1,

wherein the RFID tag further comprises a plurality of antennas, the RFID tag being configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation via the plurality of antennas,

and wherein the beamforming network and antennas produce a plurality of antenna radiation distribution patterns, each antenna radiation distribution pattern being associated with a respective one or more of the information sources.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the RFID tag is further configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation at an angle of incidence relative to a fixed coordinate system at the tag, and the beamforming network is configured to direct the received electromagnetic radiation to the subset of the plurality of information sources based on the angle of incidence.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the RFID tag is further configured to transmit the response to the received electromagnetic radiation (a) at an angle of incidence relative to a fixed coordinate system, the angle of incidence being an angle at which the electromagnetic radiation was received, and (b) in a direction opposite to a direction from which the electromagnetic radiation was received.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the RFID tag comprises a plurality of faces, each face comprising one or more antennas and being associated with one or more of the information sources and a portion of the beamforming network.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein each information source comprises at least one of the following:

an integrated circuit, a surface acoustic wave circuit, or a sensor.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the beamforming network comprises one of the following:

a microwave lens;

a Rotman lens;

a Ghent lens;

a Luneberg lens;

a Butler matrix;

a Blass matrix;

a combination of power combiners, power dividers, waveguides, and phase shifters;

a combination of hybrid couplers, waveguides, and phase shifters;

or a derivative of one of the preceding.

8. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

said RFID interrogator configured to transmit the electromagnetic radiation to the RFID tag and to receive the response to the electromagnetic radiation.

9. The system of claim 8, further comprising a mobile platform housing the interrogator.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein the interrogator is associated with logic configured to derive, from the response, information pertaining to one or more of the following:

a position of the interrogator, and an orientation of the interrogator.

11. The system of claim 8, wherein each of the information sources includes an identification code, the response is encoded with the identification codes of the subset of the plurality of information sources to which the received electromagnetic radiation was directed, and the interrogator is associated with a mapping between the identification codes of the plurality of information sources and angles at which the responses are transmitted by the RFID tag.

12. A radio frequency identification (RFID) method, comprising:

receiving electromagnetic radiation from an RFID interrogator;

directing the received electromagnetic radiation to a subset of a plurality of information sources via a beamforming network within an RFID tag; and

transmitting a response to the received electromagnetic radiation, wherein the response is based on the subset of the plurality of information sources to which the received electromagnetic radiation was directed.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is received at an angle of incidence relative to a fixed coordinate system, and the subset of the plurality of information sources to which the received electromagnetic radiation is directed is determined based on the angle of incidence.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the response to the received electromagnetic radiation is transmitted (a) at an angle of incidence relative to a fixed coordinate system, the angle of incidence being an angle at which the electromagnetic radiation was received, and (b) in a direction opposite to a direction from which the electromagnetic radiation was received.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the response to the received electromagnetic radiation is encoded with the identification codes of the subset of the plurality of information sources to which the received electromagnetic radiation was directed.

16. The method of claim 12, further comprising:

transmitting the electromagnetic radiation from an RFID interrogator; and

receiving the response to the received electromagnetic radiation from the RFID tag.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising deriving, based on the received response to the received electromagnetic radiation, information pertaining to a position or an orientation of an entity that received the response to the received electromagnetic radiation, relative to an entity that transmitted the response to the received electromagnetic radiation, or of an entity that transmitted the response to the received electromagnetic radiation, relative to an entity that received the response to the received electromagnetic radiation.

18. A radio frequency identification (RFID) system, comprising;

an RFID tag comprising;

a plurality of information sources; and

a passive beamforming network,

wherein the RFID tag is configured to receive electromagnetic radiation from an RFID interrogator, the beamforming network is configured to direct the received electromagnetic radiation to a subset of the plurality of information sources, and the RFID tag is configured to transmit a response to the received electromagnetic radiation, the response based on the subset of the plurality of information sources to which the received electromagnetic radiation was directed.

19. The system of claim 18,

wherein the RFID tag further comprises a plurality of antennas, the RFID tag being configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation via the plurality of antennas,

and wherein the passive beamforming network and antennas produce a plurality of antenna radiation distribution patterns, each antenna radiation distribution pattern being associated with a respective one or more of the information sources.

20. The system of claim 18, wherein the RFID tag is further configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation at an angle of incidence relative to a fixed coordinate system at the RFID tag, and the passive beamforming network is configured to direct the received electromagnetic radiation to the subset of the plurality of information sources based on the angle of incidence.

21. The system of claim 18, wherein the RFID tag is further configured to transmit the response to the received electromagnetic radiation (a) at an angle of incidence relative to a fixed coordinate system, the angle of incidence being an angle at which the electromagnetic radiation was received, and (b) in a direction opposite to a direction from which the electromagnetic radiation was received.

22. The system of claim 18, further comprising:

said RFID interrogator configured to transmit the electromagnetic radiation to the RFID tag and to receive the-response to the electromagnetic radiation from the RFID tag wherein the interrogator is associated with logic configured to derive, from the response of the RFID tag, information pertaining to one or more of the following;

a position of the interrogator, and an orientation of the interrogator.