Cooling servers in a data center using fans external to servers

• US 9,723,759 B2
• Filed: 11/30/2009
• Issued: 08/01/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Meta Platforms, Inc. (f/k/a Facebook, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Meta Platforms, Inc. (f/k/a Facebook, Inc.)
• Inventors: Michael, Amir Meir, Heydari, Ali, Park, Seung Hoon
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran, Len
• Assistant Examiner(s): VAZQUEZ, ANA M
• Application Number:
  US12/628,143
• Publication Number:
  US 20110128699A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,801 Days
• Field of Search: 622592, 62178, 62186, 361690, 361694, 361695, 236 493
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 7/20745 within rooms for removing heat from cabinets, e.g. by air conditioning device
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 7/20836 Thermal management, e.g. server temperature control

Abstract

To avoid the need to operate in-chassis fans to cool rack-mounted servers in a data center, the data center is arranged into a hot aisle and a cold aisle. The cold aisle is adjacent to a first side of the rack mounted servers and receives cold air from a cold air supply unit. The hot aisle is adjacent to a second side of the rack-mounted servers and has a lower pressure than the cold aisle. Because of the pressure difference between the cold aisle and the hot aisle, cold air flows through the rack-mounted servers, cooling electronic equipment therein, into the hot aisle. Control systems are used to obtain sufficient cooling.

Claims

1. A data center system comprising:

a partition arranged between a cold aisle on a first side of the partition and a hot aisle on a second side of the partition;

a plurality of servers arranged in the partition so that each server has an input opening positioned on the first side of the partition in communication with the cold aisle and an output opening on the second side of the partition in communication with the hot aisle, wherein the partition is arranged so that an airflow path of least resistance from the cold aisle to the hot aisle is through the servers, wherein one or more of the plurality of servers further includes a fan internal to the server and an internal fan control system, the internal fan configured to remain off until the internal fan control system identifies an air pressure difference between the input opening and the output opening exceeding a threshold difference;

an air supply unit, located external to the plurality of servers, configured to pressurize the cold aisle relative to the hot aisle, so that air flows from the cold aisle to the hot aisle through the servers.

2. The data center system of claim 1, further comprising one or more exhaust units external to the plurality of servers configured to extract air from the hot aisle.

3. The data center system of claim 2, further comprising a cooling system coupled to the air supply unit and to the one or more exhaust units, the cooling system receiving air from the one or more exhaust units, extracting heat from the air having the second temperature to generate cold air and supplying the cold air to the air supply unit.

4. The data center system of claim 3, wherein the cooling system comprises a free-air cooling system.

5. The data center system of claim 3, wherein the cooling system includes a secondary cooling system to extract additional heat from the hot air.

6. The data center system of claim 5, wherein the secondary cooling system comprises an evaporative cooling system, an absorption cooling system, an adsorption cooling system or a vapor-compression cooling system.

7. The data center system of claim 1, further comprising one or more sensors coupled to a control system coupled to the air supply unit, the one or more sensors for monitoring an attribute of airflow through locations including the one or more sensors and the control system for generating a control signal modifying air supplied to the cold aisle by the air supply unit responsive to the attribute.

8. The data center system of claim 7, wherein the one or more sensors are positioned at locations along the partition.

9. The data center system of claim 7 where the attribute of airflow through the locations is at least one of an airflow rate, a temperature, a pressure difference between the cold aisle and the hot aisle.

10. The data center system of claim 9, wherein the control signal increases a rate at which the air supply unit supplies air to the cold aisle responsive to the airflow failing to exceed a threshold flow rate.

11. The data center system of claim 9, wherein the control signal decreases the temperature of air supplied to the cold aisle by the air supply unit responsive to the temperature reaching a threshold temperature.

12. The data center system of claim 9, wherein the control signal increases a rate at which the air supply unit supplies air to the cold aisle responsive to the pressure difference between the cold aisle and the hot aisle failing to exceed a threshold value.

13. The data center system of claim 9, wherein the control signal increases an air pressure associated with the cold aisle responsive to the pressure difference between the cold aisle and the hot aisle failing to exceed a threshold value.

14. The data center of claim 1, wherein the partition substantially blocks airflow paths from the cold aisle to the hot aisle external to the plurality of servers, directing air from the cold aisle into the input opening of each server.

15. A data center system comprising:

a partition arranged between a cold aisle on a first side of the partition and a hot aisle on a second side of the partition;

a plurality of servers arranged in the partition, each server comprising;

one or more input openings on the first side of the partition in communication with the cold aisle;

one or more output openings on the second side of the partition in communication with the hot aisle;

an internal fan coupled to a fan control system, the internal fan remaining off until the fan control system identifies an air pressure difference between the one or more input openings and the one or more output openings exceeding a threshold difference; and

an air supply unit located external to the plurality of servers configured to pressurize the cold aisle relative to the hot aisle so that air flows from the cold aisle to the hot aisle through the servers.

16. The data center system of claim 15, further comprising one or more exhaust units external to the plurality of servers configured to extract air from the hot aisle and a cooling system coupled to the air supply unit and to the one or more exhaust units, the cooling system receiving air from the one or more exhaust units, extracting heat from the air having the second temperature to generate cold air and supplying the cold air to the air supply unit.

17. The data center system of claim 16, wherein the cooling system comprises a free-air cooling system.

18. The data center system of claim 16, wherein the cooling system includes a secondary cooling system to extract additional heat from the hot air.

19. The data center system of claim 18, wherein the secondary cooling system comprises an evaporative cooling system, an absorption cooling system, an adsorption cooling system or a vapor-compression cooling system.

20. The data center system of claim 15, further comprising one or more sensors in locations along the partition and coupled to a control system coupled to the air supply unit, the one or more sensors configured to monitor airflow through the locations including the one or more sensors and the control system generating a control signal modifying air supplied to the cold aisle by the air supply unit responsive to the monitored airflow.

21. The data center system of claim 15, wherein the fan control system is included within a server.

22. The data center system of claim 15, wherein the fan control system comprises one or more sensors external to the plurality of server and located along the partition.

23. A method comprising:

operating a plurality of servers, the servers arranged in a partition so that each server has an input opening positioned on a first side of the partition in communication with a cold aisle and an output opening on a second side of the partition in communication with a hot aisle;

isolating the cold aisle and the hot aisle using the partition, so that an airflow path of least resistance from the cold aisle to the hot aisle is through the servers;

pressurizing the cold aisle relative to the hot aisle using a supply of air external to the servers, so that air flows from the cold aisle to the hot aisle through the servers;

monitoring an air pressure difference between the input opening and the output opening of one or more of the plurality of servers; and

responsive to the air pressure difference between the input opening and the output opening falling below a threshold difference, deactivating the internal fan included in the server.

24. The method of claim 23, further comprising:

monitoring an air flow parameter of air proximate to the first side of the partition or proximate to the second side of the partition; and

responsive to the air flow parameter reaching a threshold value, increasing an amount of air supplied to the cold aisle or modifying a direction in which the supply of air provides air to the cold aisle.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the air flow parameter comprises at least one of an air flow rate or a pressure difference between the hot aisle and the cold aisle.

26. The method of claim 23, further comprising:

monitoring an air temperature proximate to the first side of the partition or proximate to the second side of the partition; and

responsive to the air temperature reaching a threshold value, increasing an amount of air supplied to the cold aisle or modifying a direction in which air is supplied to the cold aisle.

27. The method of claim 23, further comprising:

responsive to the air pressure difference between the input opening and the output opening of the server reaching a threshold value, activating an internal fan included in the server to supplement the air flowing from the cold aisle to the hot aisle through the server.