Control apparatus and control method for secondary battery

• US 9,728,992 B2
• Filed: 01/13/2012
• Issued: 08/08/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 01/13/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Takahashi, Kenji
• Primary Examiner(s): Berhanu, Samuel
• Assistant Examiner(s): Kebede, Tessema
• Application Number:
  US14/371,354
• Publication Number:
  US 20150022157A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,034 Days
• Field of Search: 320134
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/382 Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/441 for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/482 for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/20 Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0069 Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00712 the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A control apparatus has a controller configured to control charge and discharge of a secondary battery. The controller acquires a positive electrode potential and a negative electrode potential of the secondary battery. The controller controls the charge and discharge of the secondary battery such that each of the positive electrode potential and the negative electrode potential changes within a range between an upper limit value and a lower limit value set for each of the positive electrode potential and the negative electrode potential.

Claims

1. A control apparatus comprising a controller configured to control charge and discharge of a secondary battery,

wherein the controller acquires a positive electrode potential and a negative electrode potential of the secondary battery, the positive electrode potential corresponding to electrical potential energy difference between a positive electrode of the second battery and a reference electrode of the second battery, the negative electrode potential corresponding to an electrical potential energy difference between a negative electrode of the second battery and a reference electrode of the second battery,

the controller reduces a first upper limit of electric power that is supplied to the second battery in response to the positive electrode potential being greater than a first upper threshold potential or the negative electrode potential being less than a first lower threshold potential, to control the charge of the secondary battery,

the controller reduces a second upper limit of electric power that it is output from the secondary battery in response to the positive electrode potential being less than a second upper threshold potential or the negative electrode potential being greater than a second lower threshold potential, to control the discharge of the secondary battery,

the controller uses a deterioration parameter to correct a local charge of (SOC) at an active material surface of each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and corrects an open circuit potential of each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode based on the corrected local SOC and open circuit potential characteristic data of the positive electrode potential and the negative electrode potential,

the deterioration parameter includes a single electrode capacity ratio of the positive electrode, a single electrode capacity ratio of the negative electrode, and a variation in battery capacity of the secondary battery due to a change in correspondence between an average charge rate and a second average charge rate, the first average charge rate being an average of charge rates of the active material of the positive electrode, the second average charge rate being an average of charge rates of the active material of the negative electrode, the single electrode capacity ratio represents a ratio of a single electrode capacity in a deteriorated state to the single electrode capacity in an initial state,

the open circuit potential characteristic data is data defining a relationship between the local SOC at a surface of the active material of the potential electrode and the open circuit potential of the positive electrode and a relationship between the local SOC at a surface of the active material of the negative electrode and the open circuit potential of the negative electrode, and

the open circuit potential characteristic data of the negative electrode is shifted by the variation in battery capacity with respect to the open circuit potential characteristic data of the positive electrode.

2. A control method for controlling charge and discharge of a secondary battery, comprising:

acquiring a positive electrode potential and a negative electrode potential of the secondary battery, positive electrode potential corresponding to an electrical potential energy difference between a positive electrode of the second battery and a reference electrode of the second battery, the negative electrode potential corresponding to an electrical potential energy difference between a negative electrode of the second battery and the reference electrode of the second battery,

reducing a first upper limit of electric power that is supplied to the secondary battery in response to the positive electrode potential being greater than a first upper threshold potential or the negative electrode potential being less than a first lower threshold potential, to control the charge of the secondary battery,

reducing a second upper limit of electric power that it is output from the secondary battery in response to the positive electrode potential being less than a second upper threshold potential or the negative electrode potential being greater than a second lower threshold potential, to control the discharge of the secondary battery,

using a deterioration parameter to correct a local state of charge (SOC) at an active material surface of each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and

correcting an open circuit potential of each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode based on the corrected local SOC and open circuit potential characteristic data of the positive electrode potential and the negative electrode potential,

wherein the deterioration parameter includes a single electrode capacity ratio of the positive electrode, a single electrode capacity ratio of the negative electrode, and a variation in battery capacity of the secondary battery that represents a variation between a first average charge rate and a second average charge rate, the first average charge rate being an average of charge rates of the active material of the positive electrode, the second average charge rate being an average of charge rates of the an active material of the negative electrode, the single electrode capacity ratio representing a ratio of a single electrode capacity in a deteriorated state to the single electrode capacity in an initial state,

the open circuit potential characteristic data represents a relationship between the local SOC at a surface of the active material of the positive electrode and the open circuit potential of the positive electrode and a relationship between the local SOC at a surface of the active material of the negative electrode and the open circuit potential of the negative electrode, and

the open circuit potential characteristic data of the negative electrode is shifted by the variation in battery capacity with respect to the open circuit potential characteristic data of the positive electrode.