Life degradation mitigation for transient response energy storage

• US 9,729,008 B2
• Filed: 04/28/2014
• Issued: 08/08/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 05/14/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Caterpillar Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Caterpillar Incorporated
• Inventors: Hasler, Gregory S., Speckhart, Gregory J., Votoupal, John J., Yu, Dachuan
• Primary Examiner(s): Donovan, Lincoln
• Assistant Examiner(s): Cheng, Diana J
• Application Number:
  US14/263,233
• Publication Number:
  US 20140339893A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,198 Days
• Field of Search: 307 11, 307 18, 307 24, 307 29, 307 31- 35, 307 38- 42, 307 66
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0069 Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/066 characterised by the use of dynamo-electric machines H02J9/08 takes precedence

Abstract

A variable speed genset system is provided that may include a primary power source, an electric machine, an energy storage device, a boost converter, and a controller. The electric machine may be coupled to the primary power source and electrically coupled to a load through a common bus. The boost converter may be in electrical communication with the common bus and the energy storage device. The controller may determine a State of Health (SOH) for the energy storage device, selectively engage the energy storage device to provide a first power amount to the common bus, and selectively change the operating speed of the primary power source to provide a second power amount to the common bus, the speed based on the SOH, a temperature of the energy storage device, and the load demand. The combination of the first and second power amounts substantially meet a load power demand.

Claims

1. A variable speed genset system, comprising:

a primary power source;

a common bus having a DC bus voltage;

an electric machine mechanically coupled to the primary power source, the electric machine electrically coupled to a load through the common bus;

an energy storage device;

a boost converter in electrical communication with each of the common bus and the energy storage device, the boost converter configured to boost a DC voltage supplied by the energy storage device into a DC voltage which approximates the DC bus voltage of the common bus; and

a controller in operable communication with the primary power source, the energy storage device, and the common bus, the controller configured to;

determine a State of Health (SOH) for the energy storage device;

selectively engage the energy storage device to provide a first power amount to the common bus; and

selectively change an operating speed of the primary power source from a first speed to a second speed to provide a second power amount to the common bus, the second speed based on the SOH, a temperature of the energy storage device, and a load power demand, wherein a combination of the first power amount and the second power amount substantially meets the load power demand.

2. The variable speed genset system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:

determine a State of Charge (SOC) of the energy storage device; and

use the SOC to determine the SOH.

3. The variable speed genset system of claim 2, wherein the SOC is a summation of fatigue-adjusted capacity changes for a plurality of preceding time periods of discharge of the energy storage device.

4. The variable speed genset system of claim 1, wherein the SOH is based at least in part on a State of Charge (SOC) of the energy storage device, a lowest voltage of the energy storage device during a discharge period, a peak current supplied by the energy storage device during the discharge period, and a derate scaling factor.

5. The variable speed genset system of claim 1, wherein the second speed of the primary power source is determined from a set of power-speed curves, corresponding to the temperature of the energy storage device, that define different adjusted operating speeds of the primary power source in relation to different load power demands and the SOH of the energy storage device.

6. A method for optimizing an operating speed of a variable speed genset system, the method comprising:

determining a State of Health (SOH) and a temperature for an energy storage device;

selectively engaging the energy storage device to provide a first power amount to a common bus of the variable speed genset system; and

selectively changing, by a controller, the operating speed of a primary power source of the variable speed genset system from a first speed to a second speed to provide a second power amount to the common bus,

wherein the second speed is based on the SOH, the temperature of the energy storage device, and a load power demand, and

wherein a combination of the first power amount and the second power amount substantially meets the load power demand.

7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:

determining a State of Charge (SOC) of the energy storage device; and

using the SOC to determine the SOH.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the SOC is a summation of fatigue-adjusted capacity changes for a plurality of preceding time periods of discharge of the energy storage device.

9. The method according to claim 7, further comprising using a charging system to increase the SOC of the energy storage device.

10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the SOH is based at least in part on a State of Charge (SOC) of the energy storage device, a lowest voltage of the energy storage device during a discharge period, a peak current supplied by the energy storage device during the discharge period, and a derate scaling factor.

11. The method according to claim 6, wherein the SOH is a percentage (SOH %) defined by an equation

SOH %=1−

{[(V<sub>(n−

1)</sub>t<sub>(n−

1)</sub>)/(Δ

T<sub>(n−

1</sub>)I<sub>(n−

1)</sub>SOC<sub>(n−

1)</sub>)]−

[V_nt_n/(Δ

T_nI_nSOC_n)]}K,

wherein

n is a last discharge of the energy storage device,

n−

1 is a discharge prior to the last discharge of the energy storage device,

Δ

T_n is an elapsed time during n,

Δ

T<sub>(n−

1)</sub> is an elapsed time during n−

1,

V<sub>(n−

1)</sub> is a lowest voltage of the energy storage device during Δ

T<sub>(n−

1)</sub>,

t<sub>(n−

1)</sub> is the temperature of the energy storage device during Δ

T<sub>(n−

1)</sub>,

I<sub>(n−

1)</sub> is a peak current supplied by the energy storage device during Δ

T<sub>(n−

1)</sub>,

SOC<sub>(n−

1)</sub> is a State of Charge of the energy storage device at a start of n−

1,

V_n is the lowest voltage of the energy storage device during Δ

T_(n),

t_n is the temperature of the energy storage device during Δ

T_(n),

I_n is the peak current supplied by the energy storage device during Δ

T_(n),

SOC_n is the State of Charge of the energy storage device at a start of n, and K is a derate scaling factor for the energy storage device.

12. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:

adjusting the operating speed of the variable speed genset system to a target speed that substantially meets the load power demand, if the temperature of the energy storage device is less than a temperature limit.

13. The method according to claim 6, wherein the second speed of the primary power source is determined from a set of power-speed curves, corresponding to the temperature of the energy storage device, that define different adjusted operating speeds of the primary power source in relation to different load power demands and the SOH of the energy storage device.

14. The method according to claim 6, further comprising displaying a flag to indicate a health condition of the energy storage device.

15. A transient assist system for a variable speed genset system having a primary power source, a variable speed generator, and a common bus, the transient assist system comprising:

an energy storage device;

a boost converter in electrical communication with each of the common bus and the energy storage device, the boost converter configured to boost a DC voltage supplied by the energy storage device into a DC voltage which approximates the DC bus voltage of the common bus; and

a controller in operable communication with the primary power source, the energy storage device, and the common bus, the controller configured to;

determine a State of Health (SOH) for the energy storage device;

selectively engage the energy storage device to provide a first power amount to the common bus; and

selectively change an operating speed of the primary power source from a first speed to a second speed to provide a second power amount to the common bus, the second speed based on the SOH, a temperature of the energy storage device, and a load power demand, wherein a combination of the first power amount and the second power amount substantially meets the load power demand.

16. The transient assist system of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to:

determine a State of Charge (SOC) of the energy storage device based on a summation of fatigue-adjusted capacity changes for a plurality of preceding time periods of discharge of the energy storage device.

17. The transient assist system of claim 15, wherein the SOH is a percentage (SOH %) defined by an equation

SOH %=1−

{[(V<sub>(n−

1)</sub>t<sub>(n−

1)</sub>)/(Δ

T<sub>(n−

1)</sub>I<sub>(n−

1)</sub>SOC<sub>(n−

1)</sub>)]−

[V_nt_n/(Δ

T_nI_nSOC_n)]}K,

wherein

wherein

n is a last discharge of the energy storage device,

n−

1 is a discharge prior to the last discharge of the energy storage device,

Δ

T_n is an elapsed time during n,

Δ

T<sub>(n−

1)</sub> is an elapsed time during n−

1,

V<sub>(n−

1)</sub> is a lowest voltage of the energy storage device during Δ

T<sub>(n−

1)</sub>,

t<sub>(n−

1)</sub> is the temperature of the energy storage device during Δ

T<sub>(n−

1)</sub>,

I<sub>(n−

1)</sub> is a peak current supplied by the energy storage device during Δ

T<sub>(n−

1)</sub>,

SOC<sub>(n−

1)</sub> is a State of Charge of the energy storage device at a start of n−

1,

V_n is the lowest voltage of the energy storage device during Δ

T_(n),

t_n is the temperature of the energy storage device during Δ

T_(n),

I_n is the peak current supplied by the energy storage device during Δ

T_(n),

SOC_n is the State of Charge of the energy storage device at a start of n, and

K is a derate scaling factor for the energy storage device.

18. The transient assist system of claim 17, wherein the SOH % is calculated using discharge periods that are longer than about one second.

19. The transient assist system of claim 18, wherein the SOH is based at least in part on the State of Charge (SOC) of the energy storage device, and historical data related to a plurality of past discharges of the energy storage device, the historical data collected during about a first five seconds or less of each of the plurality of past discharges used.

20. The transient assist system of claim 19, wherein the historical data includes, an elapsed time of discharge during the discharge, a lowest voltage of the energy storage device during the discharge, a peak current supplied by the energy storage device during the discharge, and the temperature of the energy storage device during the discharge.