Near field communication method of detection of a tag presence by a tag reader

• US 9,729,209 B2
• Filed: 11/20/2013
• Issued: 08/08/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 11/27/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson
• Original Assignee: Optis Circuit Technology, LLC (Brevet Capital)
• Inventors: Dhayni, Achraf
• Primary Examiner(s): BROWN, VERNAL U
• Application Number:
  US14/438,733
• Publication Number:
  US 20150303997A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,357 Days
• Field of Search: 340 101
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10128 the step consisting of detection of the presence of one or more record carriers in the vicinity of the interrogation device
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10237 the reader and the record carrier being capable of selectively switching between reader and record carrier appearance, e.g. in near field communication [NFC] devices where the NFC device may function as an RFID reader or as an RFID tag
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10297 arrangements for handling protocols designed for non-contact record carriers such as RFIDs NFCs, e.g. ISO/IEC 14443 and 18092 cryptographic protocols H04L9/00; network security protocols H04L63/00; real-time communication protocols in data switching networks H04L65/00; network protocols for data switching network services H04L67/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/77 for interrogation

Abstract

A Near Field Communication method performed by a tag reader detects whether a tag is present. The method includes stimulating the tag reader'"'"'s transmitter to generate an impulse response, evaluating the impulse response generated by the transmitter to obtain an evaluated impulse response, and assessing whether a tag is present based on the evaluated impulse response.

Claims

1. A Near Field Communication method for detecting whether a tag is present by a tag reader, the method comprising:

stimulating an input of a transmitter of the tag reader with an input signal corresponding to an input sequence to generate an output signal of the transmitter, wherein the output signal represents the input signal convoluted by an impulse response of said transmitter under a current load condition of the transmitter;

detecting the impulse response of said transmitter;

evaluating the impulse response generated by said transmitter by comparing the impulse response to a time-varying lower limit and a time-varying upper limit of a predetermined envelope wherein the predetermined envelope is based on the input sequence; and

assessing whether a tag is present based on said comparison of the impulse response to the time-varying lower limit and the time-varying upper limit of the predetermined envelope.

2. The Near Field Communication method according to claim 1, wherein said assessing comprises:

deducing that a tag is present if said impulse response of said transmitter is completely within the time-varying upper and lower limits of said predetermined envelope, or that said tag is absent, if said impulse response is at least partly outside of the time-varying upper and lower limits of said predetermined envelope.

3. The Near Field Communication method according to claim 2, wherein:

the time-varying upper and lower limits of the predetermined envelope are such that any impulse response due to any tag of a predetermined set of tags able to communicate with said tag reader is simultaneously above said time-varying lower limit of the predetermined envelope and below said time varying upper limit of the predetermined envelope.

4. The Near Field Communication method according to claim 2, wherein:

said evaluated impulse response is digital, and

said deducing asserts that the tag is absent if at least one sample of said digital evaluated impulse response is outside either of the upper or lower limits of said predetermined envelope.

5. The Near Field Communication method according to claim 1, wherein said evaluating comprises:

digitally evaluating said impulse response.

6. The Near Field Communication method according to claim 1, wherein said evaluating comprises:

cross-correlating the output signal at an output of said transmitter with a second signal which has been sent to the input of said transmitter to generate said impulse response.

7. The Near Field Communication method according to claim 1, wherein said stimulating comprises:

sending, to the input of said transmitter, a signal representative of a pseudo random binary sequence.

8. The Near Field Communication method according to claim 7, wherein:

said pseudo-random binary sequence is a maximal length sequence generated by a linear feedback shift register.

9. The Near Field Communication method according to claim 8, wherein:

parameters of said maximal length sequence are chosen such that said tag reader emits a periodic polling signal for tag detection, which emission lasts between 1% and 10% of a total polling time.

10. The Near Field Communication method according to claim 9, wherein:

said emission duration lasts between 5% and 10% of a total polling time.

11. The Near Field Communication method according to claim 1, wherein:

the transmitter of the tag reader is stimulated using an input signal corresponding to a sequence of values;

the time-varying upper limit and time-varying lower limit of the predetermined envelope depend upon the sequence of values; and

said assessing comprises one of;

deducing that a tag is present if the impulse response of the transmitter is within the time-varying upper and lower limits of the predetermined envelope, or

deducing that a tag is absent, if the impulse response is at least partly outside of the time-varying upper and lower limits of the predetermined envelope.

12. The Near Field Communication method according to claim 1, wherein said stimulating comprises:

sending, to the input of said transmitter, a stimulating signal having an autocorrelation characteristic so that a convolution of the output signal delivered at an output of said transmitter with said stimulating signal gives substantially said impulse response.

13. The Near Field Communication method according to claim 1, wherein said stimulating, said evaluating and said assessing are all performed on a chip of said tag reader.

14. The Near Field Communication method according to claim 1, wherein the impulse response includes a number of samples X and the evaluation of the impulse response is based on, starting from a beginning of the impulse response, a first number of samples m and not samples following the first number of samples m, wherein m is less than X.

15. The Near Field Communication method according to claim 1, wherein it is assessed that the tag is absent if at least one sample of said digital evaluated impulse response exceeds the upper limit of said predetermined envelope.

16. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing thereon a computer program comprising program instructions, which when loaded into a data-processing unit cause the data processing unit to:

stimulate an input of a transmitter of the tag reader with an input signal corresponding to an input sequence to generate an output signal of the transmitter, wherein the output signal represents the input signal convoluted by an impulse response of said transmitter under a current load condition of the transmitter;

evaluate the impulse response generated by said transmitter by comparing the impulse response to a time-varying lower limit and a time-varying upper limit of a predetermined envelope wherein the predetermined envelope is based on the predetermined input sequence; and

assess whether a tag is present based on said comparison of the impulse response to the time-varying lower limit and the time-varying upper limit of the predetermined envelope.

17. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 16, wherein the impulse response includes a number of samples X and the evaluation of the impulse response is based on, starting from a beginning of the impulse response, a first number of samples m and not samples following the first number of samples m, wherein m is less than X.

18. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 16, wherein it is assessed that the tag is absent if at least one sample of said digital evaluated impulse response exceeds the upper limit of said predetermined envelope.

19. A Near Field Communication tag reader, comprising:

a transmitter;

an emitter configured to send a stimulating signal to an input of the transmitter so as to generate an output signal at an output of the transmitter, wherein the output signal corresponds to the stimulating signal convoluted by an impulse response of said transmitter under a current load condition of the transmitter;

an evaluator configured to evaluate the impulse response by comparing the impulse response to a time-varying lower limit and a time-varying upper limit of a predetermined envelope wherein the predetermined envelope is based on the stimulating signal;

an assessor configured to assess whether a tag is present based on said comparison of the impulse response to the time-varying lower limit and the time-varying upper limit of the predetermined envelope.

20. The Near Field Communication tag reader according to claim 19, wherein:

the stimulating signal corresponds to a sequence of values;

the time-varying upper limit and time-varying lower limit of the predetermined envelope depend upon the sequence of values; and

the assessor is configured to deduce one of;

that a tag is present if the evaluated impulse response of the transmitter is within the time-varying upper and lower limits of the predetermined envelope, or

that a tag is absent, if the evaluated impulse response is at least partly outside of the time-varying upper and lower limits of the predetermined envelope.

21. The Near Field Communication tag reader according to claim 19, wherein the impulse response includes a number of samples X and the evaluation of the impulse response is based on, starting from a beginning of the impulse response, a first number of samples m and not samples following the first number of samples m, wherein m is less than X.

22. The Near Field Communication tag reader according to claim 19, wherein it is assessed that the tag is absent if at least one sample of said digital evaluated impulse response exceeds the upper limit of said predetermined envelope.