Multi-protocol label switching rings

• US 9,729,455 B2
• Filed: 06/30/2014
• Issued: 08/08/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Juniper Networks Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Juniper Networks Incorporated
• Inventors: Kompella, Kireeti
• Primary Examiner(s): Phillips, Hassan
• Assistant Examiner(s): JONES, PRENELL P
• Application Number:
  US14/318,953
• Publication Number:
  US 20150381500A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,135 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/50 using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/507 Label distribution
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/18 End to end
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/20 Traffic policing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/724 at intermediate nodes, e.g. resource reservation protocol [RSVP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/76 using dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or requested by the network in response to changing network conditions
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/825 Involving tunnels, e.g. MPLS

Abstract

Techniques are described for specifying and constructing multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) rings. Routers may signal membership within MPLS rings and automatically establish ring-based label switch paths (LSPs) as components of the MPLS rings for packet transport within ring networks. In one example, a router includes a processor configured to establish an MPLS ring having a plurality of ring LSPs. Each of the ring LSPs is configured to transport MPLS packets around the ring network to a different one of the routers operating as an egress router for the respective ring LSP. Moreover, each of the ring LSPs comprises a bidirectional, multipoint-to-point (MP2P) LSP for which any of the routers can operate as an ingress to source packet traffic into the ring LSP for transport to the respective egress router for the ring LSP. Separate protection paths, bypass LSPs, detours or loop-free alternatives need not be signaled.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

assigning a ring identifier to a multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) ring and assigning an index to each of a plurality of routers that form the MPLS ring in a ring network, wherein the index indicates a position around the MPLS ring for the respective router;

outputting, from each of the routers, messages announcing membership in the MPLS ring and the indexed position around the ring for the respective router;

selecting, at each of the routers, a downstream neighbor and an upstream neighbor for the MPLS ring based on the index of each of the routers;

establishing, with the plurality of routers, the MPLS ring having a plurality of ring label switched paths (LSPs), each of the ring LSPs configured to transport MPLS packets around the ring network to a different one of the routers operating as an egress router for the respective ring LSP; and

forwarding network traffic as MPLS packets around the ring network in accordance with the ring LSPs.

2. The method of claim 1,

wherein establishing the MPLS ring having a plurality of ring LSPs comprises outputting, with the plurality of routers, a plurality of label distribution messages in accordance with a label distribution protocol, and

wherein, for each of the ring LSPs, each of the label distribution messages output by each of the routers includes the identifier of the MPLS ring and an identifier for the respective one of the plurality of routers that operates as the egress for the ring LSP.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein for each of the ring LSPs, the label distribution messages output by each of the routers includes label bindings specifying one or more MPLS labels associated with the ring LSP and, for each of the MPLS labels, a network address to which network traffic having the respective MPLS label will be forwarded.

4. The method of claim 3,

wherein at least one of the MPLS labels specified in the label bindings for at least a first one of the ring LSPs is associated with a network address of a non-ring node that is not a member of the MPLS ring, and

wherein forwarding network traffic comprises forwarding the network traffic in a hierarchical LSP formed by an access LSP tunneled over the first one of the ring LSPs to the non-ring node.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein for each of the ring LSPs, each of the routers around the ring LSPs autonomously output respective ones of the plurality of label distribution messages without having to first receive any of the messages from any other ones of the routers.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein outputting the label distribution messages comprises:

outputting, from each of the routers and for each of the ring LSPs, a first label distribution message in a upstream direction with respect to the ring network, the first label distribution messages specifying a downstream label to be applied by an upstream neighboring one of the routers when forwarding the MPLS packets for the ring LSP to the respective router in a downstream direction; and

outputting, from each of the routers and for each of the ring LSPs, a second label distribution message in the downstream direction with respect to the ring network, the second label distribution message specifying an upstream label to be applied by an upstream neighboring one of the routers when forwarding the MPLS packets for the ring LSP to the respective router in the upstream direction.

7. The method of claim 2, wherein outputting, with the plurality of routers, a plurality of label distribution messages in accordance with a label distribution protocol comprises outputting the messages in accordance with the Resource Reservation Protocol with Traffic Engineering extensions (RSVP-TE).

8. The method of claim 2, wherein outputting, with the plurality of routers, a plurality of label distribution messages in accordance with a label distribution protocol comprises outputting the messages in accordance with the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP).

9. The method of claim 1, wherein establishing an MPLS ring having a plurality of ring LSPs comprises establishing each of the ring LSPs as a bidirectional multipoint-to-point (MP2P) LSP for which any of the routers within the ring network can operate as an ingress to source packet traffic into the ring LSP for transport to the respective egress router for the ring LSP in an upstream direction and a downstream direction around the ring network.

21. The method of claim 1,

wherein establishing an MPLS ring having a plurality of ring LSPs comprises:

establishing a corresponding one of the ring LSPs for each respective router of the ring network; and

establishing each of the ring LSPs as a loop formed by a bi-directional multipoint-to-point (MP2P) LSP that starts and ends with the corresponding router.

22. The method of claim 1, wherein the messages announcing membership in the MPLS ring comprise routing protocol messages having fields for carrying the ring identifier and the indexed position for respective router.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the routing protocol messages comprise interior gateway routing protocol (IGP) messages.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the routing protocol messages comprise Intermediate System to Intermediate System (ISIS) protocol messages or Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol messages.

25. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a downstream neighbor and an upstream neighbor for the ring LSPs of the MPLS ring comprises, for each of the routers:

identifying a first interface of the router on which one of the messages was received that specified a lowest index that is greater the index assigned to the router;

selecting the identified interface as coupling the router to the downstream neighboring one of the routers;

identifying a second interface on which one of the messages was received that specified a highest index that is less than the index assigned to the router; and

selecting the second interface as coupling the respective router to the upstream neighboring one of the routers.

26. The method of claim 1, wherein outputting messages announcing membership in the MPLS ring comprise outputting, with an anchoring one of the routers, a message that indicate that the anchoring one of the routers occupies both a lowest position on the MPLS ring and a highest position on the MPLS ring specified for the ring topology.

27. The method of claim 1, further comprising, responsive to a network event to the ring network, automatically resizing the MPLS ring to have a different number of ring members.

10. A router comprising:

a plurality of physical interfaces interconnecting the router as one of a plurality of routers forming a ring network;

a processor configured to output a message announcing membership in a multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) ring and an indexed position of the MPLS ring for the router, wherein the processor is configured to select a downstream neighbor and an upstream neighbor for the MPLS ring based on respective indexes of the routers and to establish a plurality of ring label switched paths (LSPs) for the MPLS ring, each of the ring LSPs configured to transport MPLS packets around the ring network to a different one of the routers operating as an egress router for the respective ring LSP; and

a forwarding component to forward network traffic as MPLS packets around the ring network in accordance with the ring LSPs.

11. The router of claim 10,

wherein the processor is configured to output, for each of the ring LSPs, one or more messages in accordance with a label distribution protocol, and

wherein, for each of the ring LSPs, the messages output by the processor includes an identifier of the MPLS ring and an identifier for the respective one of the plurality of routers that operates as the egress for the ring LSP.

12. The router of claim 11, wherein for each of the ring LSPs, the messages output by the processor includes label bindings specifying one or more MPLS labels associated with the ring LSP and, for each of the MPLS labels, a network address to which network traffic having the respective MPLS label will be forwarded by the forwarding component upon receipt of the network traffic.

13. The router of claim 11,

wherein at least one of the MPLS labels specified in the label bindings for at least a first one of the ring LSPs is associated with a network address of a non-ring node that is not a member of the MPLS ring, and

wherein forwarding network traffic comprises forwarding the network traffic in a hierarchical LSP formed by an access LSP tunneled over the first one of the ring LSPs.

14. The router of claim 11, wherein for each of the ring LSPs, the processor autonomously outputs respective the one or more messages without having to first receive any messages from any of the other routers.

15. The router of claim 13, wherein the processor outputs, for each of the ring LSPs:

a first label distribution message in a upstream direction with respect to the ring network, the first label distribution messages specifying a downstream label to be applied by an upstream neighboring one of the routers when forwarding the MPLS packets for the ring LSP to the router; and

a second label distribution message in a upstream direction with respect to the ring network, the second label distribution message specifying a downstream label to be applied by an upstream neighboring one of the routers when forwarding the MPLS packets for the ring LSP to the router.

16. The router of claim 11, wherein the processor outputs the plurality of messages in accordance with the Resource Reservation Protocol with Traffic Engineering extensions (RSVP-TE).

17. The router of claim 11, wherein the processor outputs the plurality of messages in accordance with the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP).

18. The router of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to establish each of the ring LSPs as a bidirectional multipoint-to-point (MP2P) LSP for which any of the routers within the ring network can operate as an ingress to source packet traffic into the ring LSP for transport to the respective egress router for the ring LSP in an upstream direction and a downstream direction around the ring network.

19. A computer-readable storage device storing instructions that cause a processor to:

output a routing protocol message announcing membership in a multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) ring and an indexed position of the MPLS ring;

selecting a downstream neighbor and an upstream neighbor for the MPLS ring based on an index specified within a respective routing protocol message received from each of a plurality of routers connected as a ring network;

output a plurality of messages in accordance with a label distribution protocol to establish a plurality of ring label switched paths (LSPs) for the MPLS ring,

wherein each of the ring LSPs is configured to transport MPLS packets around the ring network to a different one of the routers operating as an egress router for the respective ring LSP.

20. The computer-readable storage device of claim 19, wherein the instructions cause the processor to install forwarding information within a forwarding component to forward network traffic as MPLS packets around the ring network in accordance with the ring LSPs.