Assay cartridges and methods of using the same

• US 9,731,297 B2
• Filed: 01/05/2012
• Issued: 08/15/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 01/06/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Meso Scale Technologies, LLC
• Original Assignee: Meso Scale Technologies, LLC
• Inventors: Higgins, Stephen, Kovacs, Sandor, Page, Kenneth, Roth, Kristian, Kumar, Sudeep, Glezer, Eli N., Sigal, George
• Primary Examiner(s): THOMAS, DAVID C
• Application Number:
  US13/343,834
• Publication Number:
  US 20120178091A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,049 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/027 for microfluidic devices
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/0605 Metering of fluids
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/0621 Control of the sequence of chambers filled or emptied
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/0631 Purification arrangements, e.g. solid phase extraction [SPE]
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/10 Integrating sample preparation and analysis in single entity, e.g. lab-on-a-chip concept
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/146 Employing pressure sensors
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/16 Reagents, handling or storing thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0645 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0816 Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0864 comprising only one inlet and multiple receiving wells, e.g. for separation, splitting
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0867 Multiple inlets and one sample wells, e.g. mixing, dilution
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/087 Multiple sequential chambers
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0883 Serpentine channels
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0487 fluid pressure, pneumatics
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0688 surface tension valves, capillary stop, capillary break
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0694 vents used to stop and induce flow, backpressure valves
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5027 by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip B01L3/5023 takes precedence; micromixers B01F33/30; microreactors for synthesis B01J19/0093; microcapillary devices in general B81B1/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 7/525 with physical movement of samples between temperature zones
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/686 Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]

Abstract

Assay cartridges are described that have purification, reaction, and detection zones and other fluidic components which can include sample chambers, waste chambers, conduits, vents, reagent chambers, reconstitution chambers and the like. The assay cartridges are used to conduct multiplexed nucleic acid measurements. Also described are kits including such cartridges, methods of using the same, and a reader configured to analyze an assay conducted using an assay cartridge.

Claims

1. An assay cartridge for conducting a PCR analysis of a sample, said cartridge comprising a fluidic network including

(a) a plurality of air vent ports arranged as one or two rows of apertures on the cartridge,

(b) a primary flow path comprising, from a proximal to a distal end, an inlet, a purification zone, a PCR reaction zone, and a detection zone, wherein said primary flow path further comprises one or more of said air vent ports,

(c) one or more chambers connected to an additional one of said air vent port, and

(d) one or more fluidic conduits each intersecting said primary flow path and fluidically connected to said chamber, wherein a fluidic conduit of said one or more fluidic conduits comprises a multi-conduit fluidic junction including (i) a first conduit connecting said primary flow path and said chamber, and (ii) a second conduit connecting said chamber to said additional air vent port, wherein said fluidic conduit is configured to be in communication with an optical fluid sensor at a position distal from said fluidic junction and a metered volume of fluid is defined by the distance between said fluidic junction and said distal position,

wherein said PCR reaction zone comprises a first temperature controlled zone and a second temperature controlled zone, and a restriction zone positioned between said first and second temperature controlled zones, and said fluidic network is configured to shuttle a metered volume of fluid between said first and second temperature controlled zones during a PCR reaction conducted in said PCR reaction zone.

2. The assay cartridge of claim 1 wherein said assay cartridge further comprises a plurality of chambers selected from a sample chamber, a reagent chamber, a PCR reagent chamber, a reconstitution chamber, a waste chamber, and a mixing chamber.

3. The assay cartridge of claim 2 wherein said assay cartridge further comprises a sample chamber, a plurality of reagent chambers, a plurality of PCR reagent chambers, a plurality of reconstitution chambers, a waste chamber, and a mixing chamber.

4. The assay cartridge of claim 3 wherein said primary flow path is intersected by a sample chamber multi-conduit fluidic junction including (i) a first sample chamber conduit connecting said primary flow path and said sample chamber;

and (ii) a second sample chamber conduit connecting said sample chamber to a sample chamber air vent port, wherein said sample chamber fluidic junction is in communication with a sample chamber optical fluid sensor at a position distal from said sample chamber fluidic junction and said metered volume of fluid is defined by the distance between said sample chamber fluidic junction and said distal position.

5. The assay cartridge of claim 4 wherein said primary flow path is intersected by a mixing chamber multi-conduit fluidic junction including (i) a first mixing chamber conduit connecting said primary flow path and said mixing chamber;

and (ii) a second mixing chamber conduit connecting said mixing chamber to a mixing chamber air vent port, wherein said mixing chamber fluidic junction is in communication with a mixing chamber optical fluid sensor at a position distal from said mixing chamber fluidic junction and said metered volume of fluid is defined by the distance between said mixing chamber fluidic junction and said distal position.

6. The assay cartridge of claim 5 wherein said primary flow path further comprises a series of Z-transitions at a position distal from said mixing chamber fluidic junction.

7. The assay cartridge of claim 1 wherein said purification zone is fluidically connected to a first waste chamber and a purification reagent chamber.

8. The assay cartridge of claim 7 wherein said purification zone comprises, from a proximal to a distal end,

(i) a purification multi-conduit fluidic junction including

(a) a first purification reagent chamber conduit connecting said primary flow path and said purification reagent chamber;

and

(b) a second purification reagent chamber conduit connecting said purification reagent chamber and a purification reagent chamber air vent port;

(ii) an integrated purification membrane positioned in said primary flow path of said purification zone; and

(iii) a waste multi-conduit fluidic junction including

(a) a first waste chamber conduit connecting said primary flow path and said waste chamber; and

(b) a second waste chamber conduit connecting said waste chamber and a waste chamber air vent port.

9. The assay cartridge of claim 8 wherein said purification zone comprises an integrated purification membrane positioned on a support frit.

10. The assay cartridge of claim 8 wherein said integrated purification membrane is compressed prior to cartridge assembly.

11. The assay cartridge of claim 8 wherein said integrated purification membrane comprises a glass fiber membrane.

12. The assay cartridge of claim 8 wherein said membrane has a retention volume of less than 10 uL.

13. The assay cartridge of claim 8 wherein said membrane has a retention volume of less than 5 uL.

14. The assay cartridge of claim 8 wherein said membrane has a retention volume of less than 2 uL.

15. The assay cartridge of claim 8 wherein said purification zone further comprises a pre-heating zone preceding said integrated purification membrane.

16. The assay cartridge of claim 8 wherein said purification zone comprises an additional temperature controlled zone.

17. The assay cartridge of claim 1 wherein said primary flow path is intersected at said reaction zone by one or more reagent multi-conduit junctions connecting (i) said primary flow path and one or more reaction reagent chambers;

and (ii) said one or more reagent chambers and one or more reagent chamber air vent ports.

18. The assay cartridge of claim 17 wherein said assay cartridge further comprises one or more reconstitution chambers and said one or more reagent multi-conduit junctions further connect (iii) said primary flow path and said one or more reconstitution chambers at said reaction zone.

19. The assay cartridge of claim 17 wherein said reaction zone comprises a reaction zone inlet and a reaction zone outlet, and said one or more multi-conduit junctions intersect said reaction zone at said reaction zone inlet and/or outlet.

20. The assay cartridge of claim 1 wherein said primary flow path is intersected at said detection zone by a detection reagent multi-conduit junction connecting (i) said primary flow path and one or more detection reagent chambers;

and (ii) said one or more detection reagent chambers and one or more detection reagent air vent ports.

21. The assay cartridge of claim 20 wherein said detection zone comprises a set of immobilized reagents distributed in said detection zone along said primary flow path.

22. The assay cartridge of claim 21 wherein said detection zone further comprises an exposed working electrode on which said reagents are immobilized.

23. The assay cartridge of claim 20 wherein said detection zone is configured to maintain uniform fluid flow throughout said detection zone.

24. The assay cartridge of claim 20 wherein said detection zone comprises a square geometry.

25. The assay cartridge of claim 20 wherein said primary flow path is U-shaped within said detection zone.

26. The assay cartridge of claim 1 wherein said detection zone further comprises a detection temperature controlled zone.

27. The assay cartridge of claim 1 wherein said cartridge comprises one or more of chambers wherein at least one of the one or more chambers comprises a liquid reagent.

28. The assay cartridge of claim 1 wherein said cartridge comprises one or more of chambers wherein at least one of the one or more chambers comprises a dried reagent that can be rehydrated by said metered volume of fluid.

29. The assay cartridge of claim 1 wherein the surface of said primary flow path within said reaction zone is substantially adhesive free.

30. The assay cartridge of claim 1 wherein the surface of said primary flow path within said reaction zone is substantially free of seams.

31. The assay cartridge of claim 2 wherein said mixing chamber is configured to perform cell lysis.

32. The assay cartridge of claim 31 wherein said mixing chamber is in fluidic communication with said sample chamber and said reagent chamber, and said reagent chamber comprises a lysis reagent.

33. The assay cartridge of claim 32 wherein said mixing chamber further comprises an antifoam reagent.

34. The assay cartridge of claim 1 wherein said purification zone is configured to extract and purify nucleic acids in said sample.

35. The assay cartridge of claim 34 wherein said purification zone is in fluidic communication with a plurality of reagent chambers, wherein said plurality of reagent chambers include a first reagent chamber comprising a lysis buffer, a second reagent chamber comprising a wash buffer, and a third reagent chamber comprising an elution buffer.

36. The assay cartridge of claim 3 wherein each of said reconstitution chambers comprise lyophilized PCR reagents.

37. The assay cartridge of claim 36 wherein said PCR reagents comprise reverse transcriptase, dNTPs, and combinations thereof.

38. The assay cartridge of claim 37 wherein said PCR reagents are housed within a first reconstitution chamber.

39. The assay cartridge of claim 36 wherein said PCR reagents are selected from dNTPs, primers, polymerase, and combinations thereof.

40. The assay cartridge of claim 39 wherein said PCR reagents are housed within a second reconstitution chamber.

41. The assay cartridge of claim 39 wherein said PCR reagents further comprise additional primers.

42. The assay cartridge of claim 41 wherein said PCR reagents are housed within a third reconstitution chamber.

43. The assay cartridge of claim 36 wherein said PCR reagents are selected from EDTA, salt, and combinations thereof.

44. The assay cartridge of claim 43 wherein said PCR reagents are housed within a fourth reconstitution chamber.

45. The assay cartridge of claim 36 wherein said PCR reagents comprise detection probes.

46. The assay cartridge of claim 45 wherein said PCR reagents are housed within a fifth reconstitution chamber.

49. The method of claim 38 wherein said purifying step (vi) comprises

(xx) drying said membrane;

(yy) washing said membrane with purification reagent; and

(zz) eluting nucleic acid from said membrane.

47. A method of conducting a PCR analysis of a sample in an assay cartridge, said cartridge comprising a fluidic network and a plurality of chambers, wherein said fluidic network comprises:

(a) a plurality of air vent ports arranged as one or two rows of apertures on the cartridge,

(b) a primary flow path comprising, from a proximal to a distal end, an inlet, a purification zone, a PCR reaction zone, and a detection zone, wherein said primary flow path further comprises one or more of said air vent ports,

(c) one or more chambers connected to an additional one of said air vent port, and

(d) one or more fluidic conduits each intersecting said primary flow path and fluidically connected to said chamber, wherein a fluidic conduit of said one or more fluidic conduits comprises a multi-conduit fluidic junction including (i) a first conduit connecting said primary flow path and said chamber, and (ii) a second conduit connecting said chamber to said additional air vent port, wherein said fluidic conduit is configured to be in communication with an optical fluid sensor at a position distal from said fluidic junction and a metered volume of fluid is defined by the distance between said fluidic junction and said distal position,

wherein said PCR reaction zone comprises a first temperature controlled zone and a second temperature controlled zone, and a restriction zone positioned between said first and second temperature controlled zones, and said fluidic network is configured to shuttle a metered volume of fluid between said first and second temperature controlled zones during a PCR reaction conducted in said PCR reaction zone,

wherein said one or more chambers include;

a sample chamber, a lysis reagent chamber, a lysis chamber, a purification reagent chamber, a plurality of PCR reagent chambers, and one or more waste chambers;

said method comprising the steps of;

(i) metering a volume of sample from said sample chamber to said lysis chamber;

(ii) metering a volume of lysis buffer from said lysis reagent chamber to said lysis chamber;

(iii) lysing said volume of sample;

(iv) moving said lysate from said lysis chamber to said purification zone;

(v) extracting nucleic acid from said lysate;

(vi) purifying said nucleic acid;

(vii) moving said a purified nucleic acid mixture to said PCR reaction zone;

(viii) contacting said purified nucleic acid mixture with one or more PCR reagents;

(ix) shuttling said mixture formed in step (viii) between said first and second temperature controlled zones;

(ix) repeating steps (viii) and (ix) to form an amplified product mixture;

(x) contacting said amplified product mixture with a detection reagent;

(xi) moving said mixture formed in step (x) to said detection zone; and

(xii) measuring a signal from said detection zone.

48. The method of claim 47, wherein said purification zone comprises, from a proximal to a distal end,

(i) a purification multi-conduit fluidic junction including

(a) a first purification reagent chamber conduit connecting said primary flow path and said purification reagent chamber;

and

(b) a second purification reagent chamber conduit connecting said purification reagent chamber and a purification reagent chamber air vent port;

(ii) an integrated purification membrane positioned in said primary flow path of said purification zone; and

(iii) a waste multi-conduit fluidic junction including

(a) a first waste chamber conduit connecting said primary flow path and said waste chamber; and

(b) a second waste chamber conduit connecting said waste chamber and a waste chamber air vent port;

and said extracting step (v) comprises

(xx) capturing lysate on said membrane;

(yy) removing eluent to said first waste chamber; and

(zz) washing said membrane with one or more purification reagents.

50. The method of claim 47 wherein said cartridge further comprises a plurality of reconstitution chambers each comprising lyophilized PCR reagents and contacting step (viii) further comprises reconstituting one or more of said lyophilized PCR reagents.

51. The method of claim 50 wherein said cartridge further comprises a first reconstitution chamber comprising a first set of PCR reagents selected from reverse transcriptase and dNTPs, and said method further comprises reconstituting said first set of PCR reagents in said contacting step (viii) and shuttling said mixture formed in said contacting step between said first and second temperature controlled zone.

52. The method of claim 51 wherein said cartridge further comprises a second reconstitution chamber comprising a second set of PCR reagents selected from dNTPs, primers, and polymerase, and said method further comprises reconstituting said second set of PCR reagents in said contacting step (viii) and shuttling said mixture formed in said contacting step between said first and second temperature controlled zone.

53. The method of claim 52 wherein said cartridge further comprises a third reconstitution chamber comprising a third set of PCR reagents comprising additional primers, and said method further comprises reconstituting said third set of PCR reagents in said contacting step (viii) and shuttling said mixture formed in said contacting step between said first and second reaction temperature controlled zone.

54. The method of claim 53 wherein said cartridge further comprises a fourth reconstitution chamber comprising a fourth set of PCR reagents selected from EDTA, and salt, and said method further comprises reconstituting said fourth set of PCR reagents in said contacting step (viii) and shuttling said mixture formed in said contacting step between said first and second reaction temperature controlled zone.

55. The method of claim 54 wherein said cartridge further comprises a fifth reconstitution chamber comprising detection reagents and said contacting step (x) comprises reconstituting said detection reagents with said amplified product mixture.