Method and apparatus for implementing a power converter input terminal voltage discharge circuit

• US 9,735,665 B2
• Filed: 05/20/2015
• Issued: 08/15/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 07/31/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Power Integrations Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Power Integrations Incorporated
• Inventors: Balakrishnan, Balu, Kung, David, Orr, Raymond Kenneth, Matthews, David Michael Hugh
• Primary Examiner(s): WILLIAMS, ARUN C
• Application Number:
  US14/717,620
• Publication Number:
  US 20150256059A1
• Time in Patent Office: 818 Days
• Field of Search: 320166
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/12 Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/126 using passive filters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/32 Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/322 Means for rapidly discharging a capacitor of the converter for protecting electrical components or for preventing electrical shock
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/36 Means for starting or stopping converters

Abstract

A circuit for use in a power converter includes a control circuit coupled to detect whether an electrical energy source is coupled to an input of the power converter. A switch is coupled to the control circuit, and is coupled to transfer energy from the input of the power converter to an output of the power converter during a first operating mode. The control circuit is coupled to drive the switch in the first operating mode when the electrical energy source is coupled to the input of the power converter. The control circuit is coupled to drive the switch in a second operating mode when the electrical energy source is uncoupled from the input of the power converter to drive the switch to discharge a capacitance coupled between input terminals of the power converter to a threshold voltage in less than a maximum period of time.

Claims

1. A circuit for use in a power converter, comprising:

a control circuit coupled to detect whether an electrical energy source is coupled to an input of the power converter; and

a switch coupled to the control circuit and coupled to transfer energy from the input of the power converter to an output of the power converter during a first operating mode, wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the switch in the first operating mode when the electrical energy source is coupled to the input of the power converter, wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the switch in a second operating mode when the electrical energy source is uncoupled from the input of the power converter, wherein the control circuit is further coupled to drive the switch in the second operating mode to discharge a capacitance coupled between input terminals of the power converter to a threshold voltage in less than a maximum period of time.

2. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the power converter is one of a boost converter, a flyback converter, a forward converter, an LLC converter.

3. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the switch is driven to perform a function of a power factor correction control circuit in the first operating mode.

4. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the switch is coupled to provide a starting current for operation of the circuit during a start up phase of the circuit.

5. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the switch to an off state during a standby mode of the control circuit.

6. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the switch to an off state during a shutdown mode of the control circuit.

7. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the threshold voltage is a Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) level.

8. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the output of the power converter is coupled to provide electrical energy.

9. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the output of the power converter is coupled to provide mechanical energy.

10. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the output of the power converter is coupled to an LED driver power system.

11. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the maximum period of time is unaffected by an amount of energy flow between the input of the power converter and the output of the power converter prior to the electrical energy source being uncoupled from the input of the power converter.

12. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the capacitance coupled between the input terminals of the input of the power converter comprises one or more X capacitors.

13. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the control circuit and the switch are included in an integrated circuit.

14. A circuit, comprising:

a control circuit coupled to detect whether an electrical energy source is coupled to an input of a power converter; and

a switch coupled to the control circuit, wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the switch to transfer energy from the input of the power converter to an output of the power converter when the electrical energy source is coupled to the input of the power converter, wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the switch to discharge a capacitance coupled between input terminals of the power converter through the switch to a threshold voltage in less than a maximum period of time when the electrical energy source is uncoupled from the input of the power converter.

15. The circuit of claim 14 wherein the switch is coupled to the input of the power converter through a rectification circuit of the power converter.

16. The circuit of claim 14 wherein the threshold voltage is a Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) level.

17. The circuit of claim 14 wherein the maximum period of time is unaffected by an amount of energy flow between the input of the power converter and the output of the power converter prior to the electrical energy source being uncoupled from the input of the power converter.

18. A circuit for use in a power converter, comprising:

a control circuit capable of detecting whether an AC voltage source is coupled to an input of the power converter; and

a switch coupled to the control circuit,

wherein the control circuit is capable of detecting whether the AC voltage source is uncoupled from the input of the power converter within a first predetermined maximum period of time,

wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the switch in a first operating mode when the AC voltage source is coupled to the input of the power converter,

wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the switch in a second operating mode when the control circuit detects the AC voltage source is uncoupled from the input of the power converter and is capable of discharging a capacitance coupled between input terminals of the power converter to a threshold voltage level through a discharge path and through the switch within a second predetermined maximum period of time, and

wherein an RC time constant of the discharge path is less than or equal to one second and the threshold voltage level is less than or equal to ten volts.

19. The circuit of claim 18 wherein the switch is coupled to provide a starting current for operation of the circuit during a start up phase of the circuit.

20. The circuit of claim 18 wherein the capacitance coupled between the input terminals of the input of the power converter comprises one or more X capacitors.

21. The circuit of claim 18 wherein the control circuit and the switch are included in an integrated circuit.

46. The circuit of claim 19, wherein the starting current flows through the switch.

22. A circuit for use in a power converter, comprising:

a control circuit capable of detecting whether an AC voltage source is coupled to an input of a power converter; and

a switch coupled to the control circuit and coupled to the input of the power converter,

wherein the switch is coupled to provide a starting current for operation of the circuit during a start up phase of the circuit,

wherein the control circuit is capable of detecting whether the AC voltage source is uncoupled from the input of the power converter within a first predetermined maximum period of time,

wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the switch in a first operating mode when the AC voltage source is coupled to the input of the power converter,

wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the switch in a second operating mode when the control circuit detects the AC voltage source is uncoupled from the input of the power converter and is capable of discharging a capacitance coupled between input terminals of the power converter to a threshold voltage level through a discharge path and through the switch within a second predetermined maximum period of time, and

wherein an RC time constant of the discharge path is less than or equal to one second and the threshold level is less than or equal to ten volts.

23. The circuit of claim 22 wherein the capacitance coupled between the input terminals of the input of the power converter comprises one or more X capacitors.

24. The circuit of claim 22 wherein the control circuit and the switch are included in an integrated circuit.

25. The circuit of claim 22 wherein the switch comprises a first transistor coupled to a second transistor and one of the first and second transistors is turned on to provide the starting current.

26. The circuit of claim 25 wherein one of the first and second transistors is turned on to discharge the capacitance.

47. The circuit of claim 22, wherein the starting current flows through the switch.

27. A circuit for use in a power converter, comprising:

a control circuit capable of detecting whether an AC voltage source is coupled to an input of the power converter; and

a bidirectional switch comprising a first transistor coupled to a second transistor, the bidirectional switch further coupled to the control circuit,

wherein the control circuit is capable of detecting whether the AC voltage source is uncoupled from the input of the power converter within a first predetermined maximum period of time,

wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the bidirectional switch in a first operating mode when the AC voltage source is coupled to the input of the power converter,

wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the bidirectional switch in a second operating mode when the control circuit detects the AC voltage source is uncoupled from the input of the power converter and is capable of discharging a capacitance coupled between input terminals of the power converter to a threshold voltage level through a discharge path and through the bidirectional switch within a second predetermined maximum period of time, and

wherein an RC time constant of the discharge path is less than or equal to one second and the threshold voltage level is less than or equal to ten volts.

28. The circuit of claim 27 wherein the bidirectional switch is coupled to provide a starting current for operation of the circuit during a start up phase of the circuit.

29. The circuit of claim 28 wherein one of the first and second transistors of the bidirectional switch is turned on to provide the starting current.

30. The circuit of claim 27 wherein one of the first and second transistors of the bidirectional switch is turned on to discharge the capacitance.

31. The circuit of claim 27 wherein the capacitance coupled between the input terminals of the input of the power converter comprises one or more X capacitors.

32. The circuit of claim 27 wherein the control circuit and the bidirectional switch are included in an integrated circuit.

48. The circuit of claim 28, wherein the starting current flows through one of the first and second transistors of the bidirectional switch.

33. A circuit for use in a power converter, comprising:

a control circuit capable of detecting whether an AC voltage source is coupled to the control circuit by determining whether a voltage of the AC voltage source has reversed in polarity; and

a switch coupled to the control circuit,

wherein the control circuit is capable of detecting whether the AC voltage source is uncoupled from the input of the power converter within a first predetermined maximum period of time,

wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the switch in a first operating mode when the AC voltage source is coupled to the control circuit,

wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the switch in a second operating mode when the control circuit detects the AC voltage source is uncoupled from the control circuit to discharge a capacitance coupled between input terminals of the power converter to a threshold voltage level through a discharge path and through the switch within a second predetermined maximum period of time, and

wherein an RC time constant of the discharge path is less than or equal to one second and the threshold voltage level is less than or equal to ten volts.

34. The circuit of claim 33 wherein the switch is coupled to provide a starting current for operation of the circuit during a start up phase of the circuit.

35. The circuit of claim 33 wherein the capacitance coupled between the input terminals of the input of the power converter comprises one or more X capacitors.

36. The circuit of claim 33 wherein the control circuit and the switch are included in an integrated circuit.

37. The circuit of claim 33 wherein the control circuit detects whether the AC voltage source is coupled to the control circuit by determining whether the voltage of the AC voltage source has reversed in polarity within a third predetermined period of time.

49. The circuit of claim 34, wherein the starting current flows through the switch.

38. A circuit for use in a power converter, comprising:

a control circuit capable of detecting whether an AC voltage source is coupled to the control circuit; and

a switch coupled to the control circuit,

wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the switch in a first operating mode when the AC voltage source is coupled to the control circuit,

wherein the control circuit is capable of detecting whether the AC voltage source is uncoupled from the control circuit within a first predetermined maximum period of time,

wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive the switch in a second operating mode when the control circuit detects the AC voltage source is uncoupled from the control circuit and is capable of discharging one or more x-capacitors to a threshold voltage through a discharge path and through the switch within a second predetermined maximum period of time, and

wherein an RC time constant of the discharge path is less than or equal to one second and the threshold voltage level is less than or equal to ten volts.

39. The circuit of claim 38 wherein the switch is coupled to provide a starting current for operation of the circuit during a start up phase of the circuit.

40. The circuit of claim 39 wherein the switch comprises a first transistor coupled to a second transistor and one of the first and second transistors of the switch is turned on to provide the starting current.

41. The circuit of claim 40 wherein one of the first and second transistors of the switch is turned on to discharge the one or more x-capacitors.

42. The circuit of claim 38 wherein the control circuit and the switch are included in an integrated circuit.

50. The circuit of claim 39, wherein the starting current flows through the switch.

43. A circuit for use in a power converter, comprising:

a control circuit; and

one or more switches coupled to the control circuit,

wherein the control circuit is capable of detecting whether an AC input voltage is coupled to the control circuit,

wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive at least one of the one or more switches in a first operating mode when the control circuit detects that the AC input voltage is coupled to the control circuit,

wherein the control circuit is capable of detecting whether the AC voltage source is uncoupled from the control circuit within a first predetermined maximum period of time,

wherein the control circuit is coupled to drive at least one of the one or more switches in a second operating mode when the control circuit detects that the AC input voltage is uncoupled from the control circuit,

wherein the one or more switches is capable of discharging one or more x-capacitors through a discharge path and the one or more switches to a threshold voltage level within a second predetermined maximum time period, and

wherein an RC time constant of the discharge path is less than or equal to one second and the threshold voltage level is less than or equal to 10 volts.

44. The circuit of claim 43 wherein the one or more switches are coupled to provide a starting current for operation of the circuit during a start up phase of the circuit.

45. The circuit of claim 43 wherein the control circuit and the one or more switches are included in an integrated circuit.