Generation of patterned radiation

• US 9,736,459 B2
• Filed: 02/13/2013
• Issued: 08/15/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 02/02/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Mor, Zafrir, Shpunt, Alexander
• Primary Examiner(s): Monk, Mark T
• Application Number:
  US13/765,706
• Publication Number:
  US 20130147921A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,644 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 19/0028 refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 19/0057 in the form of a laser diode array, e.g. laser diode bar semiconductor laser arrays with beam combining arrangement H01S5/4012
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0944 Diffractive optical elements, e.g. gratings, holograms gratings per se G02B5/18; holograms used as optical elements per se G02B5/32
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0972 Prisms prisms per se G02B5/04
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0983 being curved
• CPC Class Codes: G03B 15/06 Special arrangements of screening, diffusing, or reflecting devices, e.g. in studio
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 33/60 Reflective elements
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/005 Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping H01S5/026, H01S5/18388 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/0071 for beam steering, e.g. using a mirror outside the cavity to change the beam direction
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/02253 using lenses
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/02255 using beam deflecting elements
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/02257 using windows, e.g. specially adapted for back-reflecting light to a detector inside the housing
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/02315 Support members, e.g. bases or carriers
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/02325 Mechanically integrated components on mount members or optical micro-benches
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/4031 Edge-emitting structures
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/423 having a vertical cavity
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/207 using a single 2D image sensor

Abstract

Imaging apparatus includes an illumination assembly, including a plurality of radiation sources and projection optics, which are configured to project radiation from the radiation sources onto different, respective regions of a scene. An imaging assembly includes an image sensor and objective optics configured to form an optical image of the scene on the image sensor, which includes an array of sensor elements arranged in multiple groups, which are triggered by a rolling shutter to capture the radiation from the scene in successive, respective exposure periods from different, respective areas of the scene so as to form an electronic image of the scene. A controller is coupled to actuate the radiation sources sequentially in a pulsed mode so that the illumination assembly illuminates the different, respective areas of the scene in synchronization with the rolling shutter.

Claims

1. Optical apparatus, comprising:

a plurality of radiation sources, mounted on a substrate and configured to emit optical radiation;

a patterning element, comprising a transparency;

collection optics, comprising an array of micro-optics, which are aligned with the radiation sources so that a respective micro-optic collects the radiation emitted by each of the radiation sources and directs the radiation toward the patterning element, while causing the optical radiation emitted by each of the radiation sources to pass through a different, respective region of the transparency so as to form different, respective patterns;

projection optics, which are configured to project the patterns of the radiation from the patterning element onto a scene;

an imaging assembly, comprising an image sensor and objective optics configured to form an optical image of the scene on the image sensor, so that the image sensor forms electronic images of the scene; and

a controller, which is coupled to actuate the radiation sources sequentially in a pulsed mode, so as to form the different, respective patterns in succession, and to analyze the patterns in the electronic images so as to generate a depth map of the scene by analyzing multiple images, generated in succession by the image sensor, containing the different, respective patterns formed due to emission from each of the plurality of radiation sources.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transparency comprises a micro-lens array.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image sensor comprises an array of sensor elements arranged in multiple groups, which are triggered by a rolling shutter to capture the radiation from the scene in successive, respective exposure periods from different, respective areas of the scene, and wherein the controller is coupled to actuate the radiation sources in synchronization with the rolling shutter.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the radiation sources comprise a matrix of light-emitting elements, which are arranged on the substrate and are configured to emit the radiation in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the radiation sources comprise a row of edge-emitting elements, which are arranged on the substrate and are configured to emit the radiation in a direction parallel to the substrate.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the collection optics comprise a reflector disposed on the substrate so as to turn the radiation emitted by the edge-emitting elements away from the substrate and toward the patterning element.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the reflector comprises a prism.

15. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the micro-optics comprises microlenses.

8. A method for imaging, comprising:

arranging a plurality of radiation sources on a substrate so as to emit optical radiation;

directing the radiation emitted by the radiation sources toward a patterning element, comprising a transparency, using an array of micro-optics that are aligned with the radiation sources so that a respective micro-optic collects the radiation emitted by each of the radiation sources so as to cause the optical radiation emitted by each of the radiation sources to pass through a different, respective region of the transparency, thus forming different, respective patterns;

projecting the patterns of the radiation from the patterning element onto a scene;

actuating the radiation sources sequentially in a pulsed mode so as to form the different, respective patterns in succession;

forming an optical image of the scene on an image sensor, so that the image sensor forms a succession of electronic images of the scene containing the different, respective patterns formed due to emission from each of the plurality of radiation sources; and

analyzing the patterns in the succession of electronic images so as to generate a depth map of the scene, wherein analyzing the patterns comprises analyzing images containing the different, respective patterns formed due to emission from each of the plurality of radiation sources in succession.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the transparency comprises a micro-lens array.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the image sensor comprises an array of sensor elements arranged in multiple groups, in which the groups of the sensor elements receive the radiation from different, respective areas of the scene,

wherein the method comprises triggering the groups of the sensor elements with a rolling shutter to capture the radiation from the scene in successive, respective exposure periods so as to form the electronic image of the scene, and

wherein actuating the radiation sources sequentially in the pulsed mode comprises operating the radiation sources in synchronization with the rolling shutter.

11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the radiation sources comprise a matrix of light-emitting elements, which are arranged on the substrate and are configured to emit the radiation in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

12. The method according to claim 8, wherein the radiation sources comprise a row of edge-emitting elements, which are arranged on the substrate and are configured to emit the radiation in a direction parallel to the substrate.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein arranging the plurality of the radiation sources comprises providing a reflector on the substrate so as to turn the radiation emitted by the edge-emitting elements away from the substrate and toward the scene.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the reflector comprises a prism.

16. The method according to claim 8, wherein the micro-optics comprise microlenses.