Charge pump timing control

• US 9,742,266 B2
• Filed: 09/16/2013
• Issued: 08/22/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 09/16/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: pSemi Corporation (Murata Manufacturing Co Limited)
• Original Assignee: Arctic Sand Technologies, Inc. (Murata Manufacturing Co Limited)
• Inventors: Giuliano, David M., Szczeszynski, Gregory, Summit, Jeffrey, Barrett, Jr., Raymond
• Primary Examiner(s): Chen, Sibin
• Application Number:
  US14/027,584
• Publication Number:
  US 20150077175A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,436 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0054 Transistor switching losses periodically suspending operation of switching converter in low power mode H02M1/0035
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/07 using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode , e.g. charge pumps
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

Cycle timing of a charge pump is adapted according to monitoring of operating characteristics of a charge pump and/or peripheral elements coupled to the charge pump. In some examples, this adaptation provides maximum or near maximum cycle times while avoiding violation of predefine constraints (e.g., operating limits) in the charge pump and/or peripheral elements.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

a charge pump and a controller, wherein said charge pump comprises switch elements arranged to operate in a plurality of cycles, wherein said switch elements switch according to a timing pattern, wherein each cycle is associated with a different configuration of the switch elements, wherein the switch elements are configured to provide charging and discharging paths for a plurality of capacitive elements, wherein said controller is coupled to the charge pump, wherein the controller comprises an output for controlling the timing pattern of the switching of the cycles of the charge pump, wherein said controller comprises a first sensor input for accepting a sensor signal that characterizes operation of said charge pump, wherein said charge pump is connected to an inductor, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the timing pattern of the switching of the cycles of the charge pump by adjusting a first switching frequency of said cycles of the charge pump, and wherein said controller adjusts said first switching frequency based at least in part on said sensor signal, wherein said first sensor input comprises an internal sensor input, and wherein said internal sensor input receives a signal that is internal to said charge pump.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the timing pattern of the switching of the cycles of the charge pump by adjusting said first switching frequency.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the timing pattern of the switching of the cycles of the charge pump by determining a switching time to end each successive cycle, wherein said switching time depends on a variation of said first sensor input during said cycle.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor input is configured to sense an output voltage of the charge pump, and wherein the controller is configured to adjust the timing pattern according to variation of said output voltage of said charge pump.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said charge pump has a variable output voltage, and wherein the controller is configured to adjust the timing pattern to such that a difference between a maximum output voltage of said charge pump and a minimum voltage of said charge pump is less than a specified value.

6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said charge pump has a voltage output that varies from a minimum value and a maximum value, and wherein said controller is configured to adjust said timing pattern such that said minimum value and said maximum value both fall within a range of values, wherein said range of values has a fixed size.

7. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a second sensor input connected to said controller, wherein said charge pump outputs a time-varying voltage that varies between first and second values that differ by a an amount that depends at least in part on said second sensor input.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to adjust said first switching frequency based at least in part on said first sensor input such that a time-varying output of said charge pump and an output of said converter differ by at least a specified voltage margin.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first sensor input is configured to receive information indicative of operating characteristic of the converter, wherein the converter is coupled to an output of the charge pump.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first sensor input is configured to receive information indicative an output voltage of the converter.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first sensor input is configured to receive information indicative of a duty cycle at which a switch in said converter is being operated.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first sensor input receives a signal indicative of a voltage across a device in the charge pump, and wherein the controller is configured to adjust the timing to cause said voltage to remain within a predetermined range.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the charge pump comprises a Dickson charge pump.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said charge pump is configured for operating in an adiabatic mode.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first sensor input comprises an input configured to receive a current signal, and wherein said current signal represents a current through said converter.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said controller is configured to adjust said first switching frequency based at least in part on a signal indicative of an output current of said converter.

17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first sensor input receives a current signal representing a current through said charge pump.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said current signal represents an output current of said charge pump.

19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first sensor input receives a signal that represents a voltage ripple on a capacitive element in said plurality of capacitive elements.

20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first sensor input represents comprises a signal that represents a second switching frequency, wherein said second switching frequency is a switching frequency of the converter.

21. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said converter comprises a DC-DC converter.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said DC-DC converter comprises a buck converter.

23. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said charge pump receives a first voltage and a first current, wherein said charge pump provides a second current, and a second voltage, wherein said controller is configured to adjust said frequency to minimize a reciprocal of a quotient formed by dividing a product of said second voltage and said second current by a product of said first current and said first voltage.

24. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said converter further comprises a capacitor connected to said inductor.

25. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said charge pump is controlled by a clock signal.

26. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a second sensor input.

27. The apparatus of claim 1, the controller is configured to adjust the timing pattern of the switching of the cycles of the charge pump by determining a switching time to end each successive cycle, wherein said switching time depends at least in part on a variation of said first sensor input and on a variation of said second sensor input during said cycle.

28. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor input is configured to sense an input voltage to said converter, and wherein said controller is configured to adjust said timing pattern according to variation of said input voltage to said converter.

29. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor input is configured to sense a voltage provided to said inductor, and wherein said controller is configured to adjust said timing pattern according to variation of said voltage provided to said inductor.

30. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first sensor input is configured to receive information indicative of an extent to which said inductor is available to accommodate movement of charge between said charge pump and said converter.

31. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said charge pump comprises a first capacitor, and wherein, in operation, said first capacitor charges and discharges through said inductor.

32. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said charge pump comprises a first set of capacitors and a second set of capacitors, wherein said charge pump receives a first clock signal and a second clock signal, wherein said first clock signal is connected to said first set of capacitors and said second clock signal is connected to said second set of capacitors, and wherein said first and second clock signals are out of phase with each other.

33. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said controller is configured to adjust said first switching frequency based at least in part on an output current of said converter.

34. An apparatus comprising an inductor, a charge pump, a converter, and a controller, wherein said charge pump comprises switch elements that are arranged to operate in a plurality of cycles, wherein said switch elements switch according to a timing pattern, wherein said switch elements are configured to provide charging paths for capacitive elements, wherein said switch elements are further configured to provide discharging paths for said capacitive elements, wherein each of said cycles from said plurality of cycles is associated with a corresponding one of a plurality of different configurations of said plurality of switch elements, wherein said converter is coupled to said charge pump, wherein said controller is coupled to said charge pump, wherein said inductor is a constituent of said converter, wherein said inductor is coupled to said charge pump, wherein said controller comprises an internal sensor input, wherein said internal sensor input accepts a corresponding sensor signal that is internal to said charge pump, wherein said sensor signal comprises a signal that characterizes operation of said charge pump to which said controller is coupled, wherein said controller comprises an output for controlling said timing pattern of said switching of the cycles of said charge pump, and wherein said controller is configured to adjust said timing pattern of the switching of said cycles of said charge pump by adjusting a switching frequency of said cycles of the charge pump based at least in part on said sensor input.

35. An apparatus comprising a converter, a charge pump having an input and an output, and a controller, said converter being connected to said charge pump and comprising an inductor and a switch connected to said inductor, wherein said charge pump comprises switch elements switch according to a timing pattern and are arranged to operate in a plurality of cycles, each cycle being associated with a different configuration of the switch elements, wherein the switch elements are configured to provide charging and discharging paths for a plurality of capacitive elements, wherein said controller is coupled to the charge pump, wherein the controller comprises an output for controlling the timing pattern of the switching of the cycles of the charge pump, wherein said controller comprises a first sensor input for accepting a sensor signal that characterizes operation of said charge pump, wherein said controller is configured to adjust said timing pattern of said switching of the cycles of said charge pump by adjusting a first switching frequency of said cycles of the charge pump, and wherein said controller adjusts said first switching frequency based at least in part on said sensor signal, and wherein said controller causes said switch to operate at a second switching frequency that differs from said first switching frequency.

36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein said controller causes said first frequency to be higher than said second frequency, and wherein said charge pump is disabled when said converter is off.