Event-based lead impedance monitoring

• US 9,743,878 B2
• Filed: 04/27/2006
• Issued: 08/29/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 04/29/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Drew, Touby A.
• Primary Examiner(s): WEHRHEIM, LINDSEY GAIL
• Application Number:
  US11/413,072
• Publication Number:
  US 20060264777A1
• Time in Patent Office: 4,142 Days
• Field of Search: 607 45- 46, 607 55- 57, 607117-118, 600544
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/053 Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/374 Detecting the frequency distribution of signals, e.g. detecting delta, theta, alpha, beta or gamma waves
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4094 Diagnosing or monitoring seizure diseases, e.g. epilepsy
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0529 Electrodes for brain stimulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36082 Cognitive or psychiatric applications, e.g. dementia or Alzheimer's disease

Abstract

A medical device senses electrical activity within a patient and, in some embodiments, delivers stimulation to the patient via a plurality electrical paths, which include electrodes and associated conductors of one or more leads. The medical device determines whether a symptomatic event, such as a seizure, is detected based on the sensed electrical activity, and measures the impedance of one or more of the paths in response to the determination. If the medical device identifies a dysfunctional electrical path based on the measured impedance, the device may, as examples, disable the dysfunctional electrical path, or modify a stimulation or sensing program to not use the dysfunctional electrical path. In this manner, the medical device may identify inaccurate symptomatic event detection and, where the device delivers a therapy in response to such detection, such as stimulation via the electrical paths, avoid inappropriate therapy delivery.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

monitoring, by a processor, electrical activity within a patient via a plurality of implantable electrodes;

detecting, by the processor, a neurological event based on the electrical activity; and

automatically measuring, with impedance measurement circuitry, an impedance of at least one of a plurality of electrical paths in response to the detection, each of the electrical paths associated with a respective one or more of the plurality of implantable electrodes.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the neurological event comprises detecting a seizure.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the neurological event comprises:

determining a duration of the neurological event; and

comparing the duration to a threshold value,

wherein measuring the impedance comprises measuring the impedance based on the comparison.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the neurological event comprises:

detecting a plurality of neurological events;

determining a frequency of the neurological events; and

comparing the frequency to a threshold value,

wherein measuring the impedance comprises measuring the impedance based on the comparison.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the neurological event comprises detecting the neurological event via a subset of the electrodes, and measuring the impedance comprises measuring the impedance in response to detecting the neurological event via the subset of electrodes.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying a dysfunctional electrical path based on the measured impedance.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising disabling the dysfunctional electrical path.

8. The method of claim 6, further comprising modifying at least one of a stimulation program or a sensing program to not use the dysfunctional electrical path,

wherein the stimulation program defines which of the plurality of electrical paths are to be used for the delivery of stimulating to the patient, and

wherein the sensing program defines which of the plurality of electrical paths are to be used to sense the monitored electrical activity within the patient.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the dysfunctional electrical path comprises a reference electrical path for sensing, the method further comprising selecting another of the plurality of electrical paths as the reference electrical path.

10. The method of claim 1,

wherein detecting the neurological event based on the electrical activity comprises detecting a plurality of neurological events based on the electrical activity, and

wherein measuring the impedance comprises measuring the impedance in response to detection of every N^th neurological event of the plurality of neurological events, and N is an integer greater than 1.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising evaluating at least one characteristic of a signal that includes the electrical activity, wherein measuring the impedance comprises measuring the impedance based on detecting the neurological event and the evaluation.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring electrical activity within the patient comprises monitoring electrical activity within a brain of the patient, and wherein detecting the neurological event based on the electrical activity comprises detecting the neurological event based on the monitored electrical activity within the brain.

13. A medical device comprising:

impedance measurement circuitry configured to measure an impedance of each of a plurality of electrical paths; and

a processor configured to monitor electrical activity within a patient via a plurality of implantable electrodes, each of the electrodes associated with one or more of the electrical paths, wherein the processor is further configured to detect a neurological event based on the electrical activity, and automatically control the impedance measurement circuitry to measure an impedance of at least one of the plurality of electrical paths in response to the detection.

14. The medical device of claim 13, wherein the neurological event comprises a seizure.

15. The medical device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a duration of the neurological event, compare the duration to a threshold value, and control the impedance measurement circuitry to measure the impedance based on the comparison.

16. The medical device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to detect a plurality of neurological events, determine a frequency of the neurological events, compare the frequency to a threshold value, and control the impedance measurement circuitry to measure the impedance based on the comparison.

17. The medical device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to detect the neurological event via a subset of the plurality of electrodes, and control the impedance measurement circuitry to measure the impedance in response to detecting the neurological event via the subset of the plurality of electrodes.

18. The medical device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to identify a dysfunctional electrical path based on the measured impedance.

19. The medical device of claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to disable the dysfunctional electrical path.

20. The medical device of claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to modify at least one of a stimulation program or a sensing program to not include the dysfunctional electrical path,

wherein the stimulation program defines which of the plurality of electrical paths are to be used for the delivery of stimulating to the patient, and

wherein the sensing program defines which of the plurality of electrical paths are to be used to sense the monitored electrical activity within the patient.

21. The medical device of claim 18, wherein the dysfunctional electrical path is a reference electrical path for sensing the electrical activity within the patient, and the processor is further configured to select another of the plurality of electrical paths to be the reference electrical path.

22. The medical device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to detect a plurality of neurological events based on the monitored electrical activity, and to control the impedance measurement circuitry to measure the impedance in response to detection of every N^th neurological event of the plurality of neurological events, and N is an integer greater than 1.

23. The medical device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to evaluate at least one characteristic of a signal that includes the electrical activity, and measure the impedance based on detecting the neurological event and the evaluation.

24. The medical device of claim 13, wherein the medical device comprises an implantable medical device.

25. The medical device of claim 24, wherein the implantable medical device comprises an implantable neurostimulator.

26. The medical device of claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to monitor electrical activity within a brain of the patient, and detect the neurological event based on monitored electrical activity within the brain.

27. A system comprising:

means for monitoring electrical activity within a patient;

means for detecting a neurological event based on the electrical activity; and

means for automatically measuring an impedance of at least one of a plurality of electrical paths in response to the detection of a neurological event, wherein each of the electrical paths is associated with at least one of a plurality of implantable electrodes coupled to the means for monitoring the electrical activity.

28. The system of claim 27, wherein the means for detecting the neurological event comprises means for detecting a seizure.

29. A method comprising:

monitoring, by a processor, electrical activity within a patient via a plurality of implantable electrodes;

determining, by the processor, that a neurological event has not been detected based on the electrical activity; and

automatically measuring, with impedance measurement circuitry, an impedance of at least one of a plurality of electrical paths in response to the determination, each of the electrical paths associated with at least one of the plurality of implantable electrodes.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein determining that the neurological event has not been detected comprises determining that the neurological event has not been detected for a threshold period of time, and measuring the impedance comprises measuring the impedance in response to the determination that the neurological event has not been detected for the threshold period of time.

31. The method of claim 29, wherein determining that the neurological event has not been detected comprises:

receiving an indication from the patient that the neurological event occurred; and

in response to receiving the indication, determining that the neurological event was not detected based on the electrical activity.

32. A medical device comprising:

impedance measurement circuitry configured to measure an impedance of each a plurality of electrical paths; and

a processor configured to monitor electrical activity within a patient via a plurality of implantable electrodes, each of the electrodes associated with one or more of the electrical paths, determine that a neurological event was not detected based on the electrical activity, and automatically control the impedance measurement circuitry to measure an impedance of at least one of the plurality of electrical paths in response to the determination.

33. The medical device of claim 32, wherein the processor is further configured to determine that the neurological event has not been detected for a threshold period of time, and to control the impedance measurement circuitry to measure the impedance in response to the determination that the neurological event has not been detected for the threshold period of time.

34. The medical device of claim 32, wherein the processor is configured to receive an indication from the patient that the neurological event occurred, and in response to the indication, determine that the neurological event was not detected based on the electrical activity.