Selecting propellers for performance and noise shaping

• US 9,745,050 B2
• Filed: 12/18/2015
• Issued: 08/29/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 12/18/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Amazon Technologies, Inc. (Amazon.com, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Amazon Technologies, Inc. (Amazon.com, Inc.)
• Inventors: Beckman, Brian C., Ko, Allan
• Primary Examiner(s): Figueroa, Jaime
• Application Number:
  US14/975,563
• Publication Number:
  US 20170174317A1
• Time in Patent Office: 620 Days
• Field of Search: 701 1, 701 5
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 11/00 Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 11/20 Constructional features
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 2230/14 achieving noise reductions
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 27/08 with two or more rotors
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 27/32 Rotors
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 27/473 Constructional features
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 39/024 of the remote controlled vehicle type, i.e. RPV
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 10/10 Rotorcrafts
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 10/13 Flying platforms
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 10/14 with four distinct rotor axes, e.g. quadcopters
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 20/20 for noise reduction
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 2101/60 for transporting passengers; for transporting goods other than weapons
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 2101/64 for parcel delivery or retrieval
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 2201/10 autonomous, i.e. by navigating independently from ground or air stations, e.g. by using inertial navigation systems [INS]
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 30/20 Rotors; Rotor supports
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 1/101 specially adapted for aircraft
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 13/00 Control of linear speed; Control of angular speed; Control of acceleration or deceleration, e.g. of a prime mover
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/10 Drag reduction

Abstract

Aerial vehicles may be operated with discrete sets of propellers, which may be selected for a specific purpose or on a specific basis. The discrete sets of propellers may be operated separately or in tandem with one another, and at varying power levels. For example, a set of propellers may be selected to optimize the thrust, lift, maneuverability or efficiency of an aerial vehicle based on a position or other operational characteristic of the aerial vehicle, or an environmental condition encountered by the aerial vehicle. At least one of the propellers may be statically or dynamically imbalanced, such that the propeller emits a predetermined sound during operation. A balanced propeller may be specifically modified to cause the aerial vehicle to emit the predetermined sound by changing one or more parameters of the balanced propeller and causing the balanced propeller to be statically or dynamically imbalanced.

Claims

1. An unmanned aerial vehicle comprising:

a frame;

a sound sensor;

a first motor mounted to the frame;

a second motor mounted to the frame;

a first propeller coupled to the first motor, wherein the first propeller is statically balanced and dynamically balanced;

a second propeller coupled to the second motor, wherein the second propeller is at least one of statically imbalanced or dynamically imbalanced, and wherein the second propeller is configured to emit a first sound having a first sound pressure level and within a first frequency spectrum when rotated at a critical speed; and

a computing device having a memory and one or more computer processors,

wherein the computing device is configured to at least;

initiate a first operation of the first motor at a first time;

determine information regarding at least a second sound emitted by the unmanned aerial vehicle at a second time using the at least one sound sensor, wherein the information regarding at least the second sound comprises at least a second sound pressure level and at least a second frequency spectrum, and wherein the second time follows the first time; and

initiate a second operation of the second motor at a third time based at least in part on the information regarding at least the second sound emitted by the unmanned aerial vehicle at the second time, wherein the third time follows the second time.

2. An unmanned aerial vehicle comprising:

a frame;

at least one position sensor;

a first motor mounted to the frame;

a second motor mounted to the frame;

a first propeller coupled to the first motor, wherein the first propeller is statically balanced and dynamically balanced;

a second propeller coupled to the second motor, wherein the second propeller is at least one of statically imbalanced or dynamically imbalanced, and wherein the second propeller is configured to emit a first sound having a first sound pressure level and within a first frequency spectrum when rotated at a critical speed; and

a computing device having a memory and one or more computer processors,

wherein the computing device is configured to at least;

initiate a first operation of the first motor at a first time;

determine a position of the aerial vehicle at a second time using the at least one position sensor, wherein the second time follows the first time;

initiate a second operation of the second motor at a third time based at least in part on the position of the aerial vehicle at the second time.

3. A method to operate an aerial vehicle having a first set of motors, a second set of motors, a first set of propellers and a second set of propellers, the method comprising:

identifying a preferred sound to be emitted by the aerial vehicle in flight;

determining at least one of a sound pressure level or a frequency spectrum of the preferred sound using at least one computer processor;

selecting a propeller based at least in part on the sound pressure level or the frequency spectrum of the preferred sound;

outfitting one of the first set of motors with the selected propeller prior to a first time, wherein the selected propeller is the at least one of the first set of propellers, and wherein the selected propeller is one of not statically balanced or not dynamically balanced;

initiating a first operation of each of the first set of motors at the first time, wherein each of the first set of motors is coupled to one of the first set of propellers; and

initiating a second operation of each of the second set of motors at a second time, wherein each of the second set of motors is coupled to one of the second set of propellers, and wherein the second time follows the first time.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the selected propeller comprises a first blade and a second blade, and

wherein a mass of the first blade is not equal to a mass of the second blade.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein a center of mass of the selected propeller is not aligned with an axis of rotation of the selected propeller.

6. A method to operate an aerial vehicle having a first set of motors, a second set of motors, a first set of propellers and a second set of propellers, the method comprising:

initiating a first operation of each of the first set of motors at a first time, wherein each of the first set of motors is coupled to one of the first set of propellers;

identifying a sound emitted by a first propeller during the first operation using at least one computer processor, wherein the first propeller is one of the first set of propellers;

determining at least one of a sound pressure level or a frequency spectrum of the sound emitted by the first propeller during the first operation using the at least one computer processor;

determining at least one of a sound pressure level or a frequency spectrum of a preferred sound to be emitted by the first propeller in flight using the at least one computer processor;

identifying at least one of a first difference between the sound pressure level of the sound emitted by the first propeller during the first operation and the sound pressure level of the preferred sound to be emitted by the first propeller in flight or a second difference between the frequency spectrum of the sound emitted by the first propeller during the first operation and the frequency spectrum of the preferred sound to be emitted by the first propeller in flight using the at least one computer processor;

determining a modification to at least one parameter of the first propeller based at least in part on at least one of the first difference or the second difference using the at least one computer processor;

causing the modification to the at least one parameter of the first propeller prior to a second time, wherein the modification causes the first propeller to be at least one of not statically balanced or not dynamically balanced, and wherein the second time follows the first time;

initiating a second operation of each of the first set of motors at the second time; and

initiating a third operation of each of a second set of motors at a third time.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one parameter of the first propeller is at least one of:

a mass of at least a first blade of the first propeller;

a shape of at least the first blade of the first propeller;

a lift profile of the first propeller;

or

a drag profile of the first propeller.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein causing the modification to the at least one parameter of the first propeller prior to the first time comprises at least one of:

forming a hole in the first blade;

reducing a width of the first blade;

reducing a length of the first blade;

removing a core from the first blade;

inserting a slug into the first blade;

exposing an opening in the first blade;

changing a blade angle of the first blade;

changing a rake angle of the first blade;

or

changing a thickness of the first blade.

9. A method to operate an aerial vehicle having a first set of propellers and a second set of propellers, the method comprising:

determining a position of the aerial vehicle at a first time using at least one sensor; and

in response to determining the position of the aerial vehicle at the first time,

initiating a first operation of each of a first set of motors at a second time based at least in part on the position of the aerial vehicle at the first time, wherein the first time is not later than the second time, wherein each of the first set of motors is coupled to one of the first set of propellers, and wherein at least one of the first set of propellers is not statically balanced or is not dynamically balanced, and

initiating a second operation of each of a second set of motors at a third time, wherein each of the second set of motors is coupled to one of the second set of propellers.

10. A method to operate an aerial vehicle having a first set of propellers and a second set of propellers, the method comprising:

determining an environmental condition in a vicinity of the aerial vehicle at a first time using at least one sensor; and

in response to determining the environmental condition in the vicinity of the aerial vehicle at the first time,

initiating a first operation of each of a first set of motors at a second time based at least in part on the environmental condition in the vicinity of the aerial vehicle at the first time, wherein the first time is not later than the second time, wherein each of the first set of motors is coupled to one of the first set of propellers, and wherein at least one of the first set of propellers is not statically balanced or is not dynamically balanced; and

initiating a second operation of each of a second set of motors at a third time, wherein each of the second set of motors is coupled to one of the second set of propellers,

wherein the environmental condition in the vicinity of the aerial vehicle at the third time comprises at least one of;

a temperature;

a pressure;

a humidity;

a wind speed;

a wind direction;

a weather event;

a level of cloud coverage;

a level of sunshine;

or

a surface condition.

11. A method to operate an aerial vehicle having a first set of propellers and a second set of propellers, the method comprising:

determining an operational characteristic of the aerial vehicle at a first time using at least one sensor; and

in response to determining the operational characteristic of the aerial vehicle at the first time,

initiating a first operation of each of a first set of motors at a second time based at least in part on the operational characteristic of the aerial vehicle at the first time, wherein the first time is not later than the second time, wherein each of the first set of motors is coupled to one of the first set of propellers, and wherein at least one of the first set of propellers is not statically balanced or is not dynamically balanced; and

initiating a second operation of each of a second set of motors at a third time, wherein each of the second set of motors is coupled to one of the second set of propellers,

wherein the operational characteristic of the aerial vehicle at the third time comprises at least one of;

an altitude;

a course;

a speed;

a climb rate;

a descent rate;

a turn rate;

or

an acceleration.

12. A method to operate an aerial vehicle having a first set of propellers and a second set of propellers, the method comprising:

determining information regarding at least one sound emitted by the aerial vehicle at a first time using at least one sensor, wherein the information regarding the at least one sound comprises at least one of a sound pressure level of the at least one sound or a frequency spectrum of the at least one sound; and

in response to determining information regarding the at least one sound emitted by the aerial vehicle at the first time,

initiating a first operation of each of a first set of motors at a second time, wherein each of the first set of motors is coupled to one of the first set of propellers; and

initiating a second operation of each of a second set of motors at a third time, wherein each of the second set of motors is coupled to one of the second set of propellers.

13. A method to operate an aerial vehicle having a first set of propellers and a second set of propellers, the method comprising:

identifying a mission for the aerial vehicle;

determining a first attribute of the mission for the aerial vehicle;

selecting the at least one of the first set of propellers based at least in part on the first attribute of the mission for the aerial vehicle;

causing the aerial vehicle to be outfitted with the first set of propellers prior to a first time;

initiating a first operation of each of a first set of motors at the first time, wherein each of the first set of motors is coupled to one of the first set of propellers; and

initiating a second operation of each of a second set of motors at a second time, wherein each of the second set of motors is coupled to one of the second set of propellers,

wherein at least one of the first set of propellers is not statically balanced or is not dynamically balanced.

14. The method of claim 13,

wherein the first attribute of the mission for the aerial vehicle is at least one of:

a location of an origin for the mission;

a location of a destination for the mission;

a dimension or a mass of a payload for the mission;

a course for the aerial vehicle during the mission;

a speed for the aerial vehicle during the mission;

an anticipated environmental condition to be encountered by the aerial vehicle during the mission;

an anticipated operational characteristic of the aerial vehicle during the mission;

or

an anticipated sound to be emitted by the aerial vehicle during the mission.

15. A method comprising:

causing a first propeller to rotate to at least a critical speed, wherein the first propeller has a plurality of blades;

determining characteristics of a sound radiating from the first propeller at at least the critical speed, wherein the characteristics of the sound comprise at least one of a first sound pressure level or a first frequency spectrum;

identify characteristics of a preferred sound, wherein the characteristics of the preferred sound comprise at least one of a second sound pressure level or a second frequency spectrum;

determining a difference between at least one of the characteristics of the sound radiating from the first propeller at at least the critical speed and at least one of the characteristics of the preferred sound using at least one computer processor;

modifying the first propeller based at least in part on the difference;

coupling the first propeller to a first motor mounted to an aerial vehicle at a first time; and

initiating a first operation of the first motor after the first time.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein modifying the first propeller comprises at least one of:

forming a hole in at least one of the plurality of blades;

reducing a width of the at least one of the plurality of blades;

reducing a length of the at least one of the plurality of blades;

removing a core from the at least one of the plurality of blades;

inserting a slug into the at least one of the plurality of blades;

exposing an opening in the at least one of the plurality of blades;

changing a blade angle of the at least one of the plurality of blades;

changing a rake angle of the at least one of the plurality of blades;

or

changing a thickness of the at least one of the plurality of blades.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein causing the first propeller to rotate to at least the critical speed further comprised:

coupling the first propeller to the first motor mounted to the aerial vehicle at a second time, wherein the second time precedes the first time; and

initiating a second operation of the first motor after the second time and prior to the first time,

wherein the characteristics of the sound radiating from the first propeller at least the critical speed are determined prior to the first time.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein causing the first propeller to rotate to at least the critical speed further comprised:

coupling the first propeller to a second motor provided in a testing facility at a second time, wherein the second time precedes the first time; and

initiating a second operation of the second motor after the second time and prior to the first time.