Radiographic imaging apparatus, radiographic imaging system, and radiographic imaging method

• US 9,753,158 B2
• Filed: 04/23/2014
• Issued: 09/05/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 11/01/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fujifilm Corporation (Fujifilm Holdings Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Fujifilm Corporation (Fujifilm Holdings Corporation)
• Inventors: Nishino, Naoyuki, Iwakiri, Naoto, Kobayashi, Takeyasu
• Primary Examiner(s): Midkiff, Anastasia
• Application Number:
  US14/259,669
• Publication Number:
  US 20140219422A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,231 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4233 using matrix detectors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4283 characterised by a detector unit being housed in a cassette
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/5258 involving detection or reduction of artifacts or noise
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/582 Calibration
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/246 utilizing latent read-out, e.g. charge stored and read-out later
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/247 Detector read-out circuitry for processing gain or off-set correction H04N
• CPC Class Codes: G03B 42/04 Holders for X-ray films
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 18/22 Matching criteria, e.g. proximity measures
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/005 Specific pre-processing for tomographic reconstruction, e.g. calibration, source positioning, rebinning, scatter correction, retrospective gating
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 5/70 Denoising; Smoothing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 23/71 Circuitry for evaluating the brightness variation
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 23/76 by influencing the image signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/46 by combining or binning pixels
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/62 Detection or reduction of noise due to excess charges produced by the exposure, e.g. smear, blooming, ghost image, crosstalk or leakage between pixels
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/65 applied to reset noise, e.g. KTC noise related to CMOS structures by techniques other than CDS
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/75 Circuitry for providing, modifying or processing image signals from the pixel array
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/32 Transforming X-rays cameras or camera modules for generating image signals from X-rays H04N23/30; circuitry of SSIS for transforming X-rays into image signals H04N25/30

Abstract

There are provided the following components: an FPD that has a plurality of pixels, in which signal electric charges corresponding to amounts of X-rays incident are accumulated, and that is capable of nondestructively reading data which indicates the X-ray image; an amplifier that amplifies a signal sent from the FPD and has a variable gain; an evaluation value calculation section that obtains an evaluation value for evaluating the X-ray image; and a gain adjustment section that calculates a new gain of the amplifier used at the time of rereading. The gain of the amplifier is changed to a value of a new gain which is calculated by the gain adjustment section, and the X-ray image is reread.

Claims

1. A radiographic imaging apparatus comprising:

a radiographic image detection section that receives radiation, which is emitted from a radiation source and transmitted through a subject, and detects a radiographic image of the subject, the radiographic image detection section having a plurality of pixels, in which signal electric charges corresponding to amounts of the radiation incident are accumulated, and being capable of nondestructively reading data, which indicate the radiographic image based on the amounts of the accumulated signal electric charges, from the pixels;

an amplification section capable of amplifying signals corresponding to the signal electric charges and capable of varying gain used for reading the radiographic image when the radiographic image is read from the radiographic image detection section;

a determination section that obtains an evaluation value for evaluating the radiographic image based on pixel values in a predetermined region of the radiographic image which is read by setting the gain of the amplification section to an initial value, and binning and reading several pixels or performing thinning-out reading, and determines whether or not performing a rereading of the radiographic image is necessary based on the evaluation value;

and

a gain calculation section that calculates a new gain of the amplification section used at the time of the rereading based on the evaluation value when the rereading is determined to be necessary from a result of the determination performed by the determination section,

wherein the gain of the amplification section is changed to a value of the new gain which is calculated by the gain calculation section, and the radiographic image is reread using the changed gain.

2. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the determination section determines whether or not performing the rereading is necessary, based on an appearance frequency distribution of pixel values in the radiographic image which is read by binning and reading several pixels or performing thinning-out reading.

3. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the determination section determines whether or not performing the rereading is necessary, based on an effective range that indicates a distribution of pixel values of pixels indicating the subject depending on the appearance frequency distribution.

4. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the determination section extracts pixels belonging to the effective range, sets an average value of pixel values of the extracted pixels as the evaluation value, and determines whether or not the rereading is necessary, by determining that the rereading is not necessary when the evaluation value is in the predetermined range and determining that the rereading is necessary when the evaluation value is outside of the predetermined range.

5. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the determination section sets an average value between a maximum value and a minimum value of the effective range as the evaluation value, and determines whether or not performing the rereading is necessary.

6. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the determination section sets an amount of deviation between a width of the effective range and a predetermined width as the evaluation value, and determines whether or not performing the rereading is necessary.

7. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an image synthesizing section that generates a single synthesized radiographic image by using a plurality of the radiographic images which is read by binning and reading several pixels or performing thinning-out reading and are obtained by changing and reading the gain of the amplification section through the first reading and the rereading.

8. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the image synthesizing section generates the synthesized radiographic image by replacing a pixel, of which a pixel value is saturated, in the radiographic image which is read with a high gain, with a pixel corresponding to the read radiographic image which is read with a subsequent high gain, preferentially using pixels of the radiographic image which is read with the high gain.

9. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the initial value of the gain of the amplification section is determined by imaging conditions that define a dosing amount of rays emitted by a radiation source.

10. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gain of the amplification section calculated by the gain calculation section is less than that at the time of the previous reading of the radiographic image.

11. A radiographic imaging system comprising:

a radiation source; and

a radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 1, that receives radiation, which is emitted from the radiation source and transmitted through a subject, and radiographs a radiographic image of the subject.

12. A radiographic imaging method comprising:

a signal electric charge accumulation step of accumulating signal electric charges corresponding to amounts of radiation, which is emitted onto a subject and is incident into a plurality of pixels, through a radiographic image detection section having the plurality of pixels, which receives the radiation and detects a radiographic image, and being capable of nondestructively reading data, which indicate the radiographic image, from the pixels;

a radiographic image reading step of reading the radiographic image by amplifying signals corresponding to the signal electric charges through an amplification section which is capable of amplifying the signals and is capable of varying gain used for reading the radiographic image when the radiographic image is read from the radiographic image detection section;

a rereading necessity determination step of obtaining an evaluation value for evaluating the radiographic image based on pixel values in a predetermined region of the radiographic image which is read by setting the gain of the amplification section to an initial value, and binning and reading several pixels or performing thinning-out reading, and determining whether or not performing a rereading of the radiographic image is necessary based on the evaluation value;

a gain calculation step of calculating a new gain of the amplification section used at the time of the rereading based on the evaluation value when the rereading is determined to be necessary from a result of the determination as to whether or not performing the rereading is necessary; and

a rereading step of changing the gain of the amplification section to the calculated gain and rereading the radiographic image using the calculated gain.

13. A radiographic imaging apparatus comprising:

a radiographic image detection section that receives radiation, which is emitted from a radiation source and transmitted through a subject, and detects a radiographic image of the subject, the radiographic image detection section having a plurality of pixels, in which signal electric charges corresponding to amounts of the radiation incident are accumulated, and being capable of nondestructively reading data, which indicates the radiographic image based on the amounts of the accumulated signal electric charges, from the pixels;

an amplification section capable of amplifying signals corresponding to the signal electric charges and capable of varying gain used for reading the radiographic image when the radiographic image is read from the radiographic image detection section;

an image synthesizing section that outputs the radiographic image, which is read first by the radiographic image detection section, as a synthesized radiographic image when the radiographic image is read first by setting the gain of the amplification section to an initial value, and binning and reading several pixels or performing thinning-out reading, and synthesizes a plurality of the radiographic images, which are read from the radiographic image detection section through the rereading by binning and reading several pixels or performing thinning-out reading, so as to generate a synthesized radiographic image when the plurality of the radiographic images is read;

a determination section that obtains an evaluation value for evaluating the radiographic image based on pixel values in a predetermined region of the synthesized radiographic image, and determines whether or not performing a rereading of the radiographic image is necessary based on the evaluation value; and

a gain calculation section that calculates a new gain of the amplification section used at the time of the rereading based on the evaluation value when the rereading is determined to be necessary from a result of the determination performed by the determination section,

wherein the gain of the amplification section is changed to a value of the new gain which is calculated by the gain calculation section, the radiographic image is reread using the changed gain, and a new synthesized radiographic image including the new radiographic image, which is obtained through the rereading, is generated.

14. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the image synthesizing section generates the new synthesized radiographic image including the new radiographic image when the new radiographic image is obtained through the rereading.

15. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the image synthesizing section generates the synthesized radiographic image by averaging the plurality of the radiographic images.

16. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the image synthesizing section generates the synthesized radiographic image by replacing a pixel, of which a pixel value is saturated, in the radiographic image which is read with a high gain, with a pixel corresponding to the read radiographic image which is read with a subsequent high gain, preferentially using pixels of the radiographic image which is read with the high gain.

17. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the gain calculation section calculates a gain used at the time of subsequent rereading whenever the new synthesized radiographic image is generated through the rereading.

18. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the initial value of the gain of the amplification section is set in advance, and is determined by imaging conditions that define a dosing amount of rays emitted by a radiation source.

19. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the gain of the amplification section calculated by the gain calculation section is less than that at the time of the previous reading of the radiographic image.

20. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the gain calculation section calculates the gain of the amplification section such that high and small gains are alternately repeated whenever the rereading is performed.

21. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the determination section determines whether or not performing the rereading is necessary, based on an appearance frequency distribution of pixel values in the synthesized radiographic image.

22. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the determination section determines whether or not performing the rereading is necessary, based on an effective range that indicates a distribution of pixel values of pixels indicating the subject depending on the appearance frequency distribution.

23. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the determination section extracts pixels belonging to the effective range, sets an average value of pixel values of the extracted pixels as the evaluation value, and determines whether or not the rereading is necessary, by determining that the rereading is not necessary when the evaluation value is in the predetermined range and determining that the rereading is necessary when the evaluation value is outside of the predetermined range.

24. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the determination section sets an average value between a maximum value and a minimum value of the effective range as the evaluation value, and determines whether or not performing the rereading is necessary.

25. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the determination section sets an amount of deviation between a width of the effective range and a predetermined width as the evaluation value, and determines whether or not performing the rereading is necessary.

26. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 13, wherein when determining that the rereading is necessary, the determination section further evaluates an amount of noise of the synthesized radiographic image, and determines the number of times the rereading is performed.

27. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the determination section evaluates graininess of the synthesized radiographic image as the amount of noise.

28. The radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the determination section evaluates the amount of noise based on the synthesized radiographic image generated from the radiographic image, which is read first, and the radiographic image which is read second.

29. A radiographic imaging system comprising:

a radiation source; and

a radiographic imaging apparatus according to claim 13, that receives radiation, which is emitted from the radiation source and transmitted through a subject, and radiographs a radiographic image of the subject.

30. A radiographic imaging method comprising:

a signal electric charge accumulation step of accumulating signal electric charges corresponding to amounts of radiation, which is emitted onto a subject and is incident into a plurality of pixels, through a radiographic image detection section having the plurality of pixels, which receives the radiation and detects a radiographic image, and being capable of nondestructively reading data, which indicates the radiographic image, from the pixels;

a radiographic image reading step of reading the radiographic image by amplifying signals corresponding to the signal electric charges through an amplification section which is capable of amplifying the signals and is capable of varying gain used for reading the radiographic image when the radiographic image is read from the radiographic image detection section;

an image synthesis step of outputting the radiographic image, which is read first by the radiographic image detection section, as a synthesized radiographic image when the radiographic image is read first by setting the gain of the amplification section to an initial value, and binning and reading several pixels or performing thinning-out reading, and synthesizing a plurality of the radiographic images, which are read from the radiographic image detection section through the rereading by binning and reading several pixels or performing thinning-out reading, so as to generate a synthesized radiographic image when the plurality of the radiographic images is read;

a rereading necessity determination step of obtaining an evaluation value for evaluating the radiographic image based on pixel values in a predetermined region of the radiographic image, and determining whether or not performing a rereading of the radiographic image is necessary based on the evaluation value;

a gain calculation step of calculating a new gain of the amplification section used at the time of the rereading based on the evaluation value when it is determined that the rereading is necessary from a result of the determination as to whether or not it is necessary to perform the rereading;

a rereading step of changing the gain of the amplification section to the calculated gain and rereading the radiographic image using the changed gain; and

a second image synthesis step of generating a new synthesized radiographic image including the new radiographic image which is obtained through the rereading.