Fuel supply for a fuel cell

• US 9,774,051 B2
• Filed: 12/11/2014
• Issued: 09/26/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 10/20/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Intelligent Energy Limited (Lb-shell Plc)
• Original Assignee: Intelligent Energy Limited (Lb-shell Plc)
• Inventors: Thomas, Jesse, Braithwaite, Daniel, Fabian, Tibor, FISHER, TOBIN, RODRIGUEZ, ADAM
• Primary Examiner(s): Conley, Helen O
• Application Number:
  US14/567,327
• Publication Number:
  US 20150125359A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,020 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/18 Stationary reactors having moving elements inside B01J19/08, B01J19/26 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/20 in the form of helices, e.g. screw reactors
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/1923 square or square-derived
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/066 with fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/065 from a hydride
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04201 Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04208 Cartridges, cryogenic media or cryogenic reservoirs
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/06 Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues regenerative fuel cells H01M8/18
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0606 with means for production of gaseous reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/065 by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0687 Reactant purification by the use of membranes or filters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/36 Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fuel supply for a fuel cell, the fuel cell including a liquid storage area that includes a liquid reactant, a reaction area that includes a solid reactant, wherein the liquid reactant is pumped into the reaction area such that the liquid reactant reacts with the solid reactant to produce reaction components, a product collection area that receives the reaction components, a barrier, and a container with an interior volume that substantially encloses the reaction area, liquid storage area, product collection area. The barrier separates and defines several of the aforementioned areas, and moves to simultaneously increase the product collector area and decrease the liquid storage area as the liquid reactant is pumped from the liquid storage area and the reaction components are transferred into the product collection area.

Claims

1. A fuel supply cartridge for a fuel cell, the cartridge comprising:

a liquid storage area containing a liquid reactant;

a reaction area containing a solid reactant, the reaction area configured to allow liquid reactant to be pumped from the liquid storage area into the reaction area at which time that the liquid reactant reacts with the solid reactant to produce reaction components;

a product collection area configured to the reaction components from the reaction area;

three barriers, each barrier individually separating;

(i) the liquid storage area from the product collection area;

(ii) the liquid storage area from the reaction area; and

(iii) the reaction area from the product collection area;

one or more barriers moving to simultaneously increase a volume of one area while decreasing the volume of another area; and

,

an outer container with an interior volume that substantially encloses the reaction area, liquid storage area, and product collection area;

wherein the product collection area is fluidly coupled to the reaction area by a channel and includes a product filter that adsorbs one or more of the reaction components;

wherein the product filter has different adsorption characteristics along its distance from the channel.

2. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 1, wherein the barrier that separates the liquid storage area from the product collection area is an elastic membrane.

3. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 1, wherein at least one barrier is made from a polyolefin, PEEK, PTFE, aluminum, stainless steel, or a combination thereof.

4. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 3, wherein the barriers comprise different materials.

5. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 1, wherein the interior volume is substantially occupied by the reaction area, liquid storage area, and product collection area.

6. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 1, further comprising a solid reactant barrier that encloses the solid reactant, such that the solid reactant barrier collapses as reaction components are produced.

7. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 6, further comprising a liquid dispenser that pumps the liquid reactant from the liquid storage area into the reaction area;

wherein the liquid dispenser includes a nozzle through the solid reactant barrier through which liquid reactant is pumped into the reaction area.

8. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 7, wherein the reaction area further includes a biasing mechanism that biases the solid reactant toward the pumped liquid reactant.

9. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 1, wherein the outer container includes a product outlet fluidly coupling the interior volume to the exterior of the outer container.

10. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 1, wherein the reaction area further includes a biasing mechanism that biases the solid reactant toward the pumped liquid reactant.

11. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 10, wherein the biasing mechanism encloses the solid reactant such that the biasing mechanism collapses as the reaction components are produced.

12. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 10, wherein the biasing mechanism comprises an elastic band running through the center of the solid reactant or a heat-shrinkable sheet disposed around the solid reactant.

13. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 1, wherein the reaction area further includes a biasing mechanism that biases the pumped liquid reactant toward the solid reactant.

14. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 11, wherein the solid reactant barrier is an elastic membrane that substantially envelopes the solid reactant.

15. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 1, wherein the solid reactant comprises a hydrogen storage composition.

16. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 15, wherein the hydrogen storage composition comprises sodium borohydride, aluminum hydride, ammonia borane, or a combination thereof.

17. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 1, wherein the liquid reactant comprises at least one of water and acid.

18. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 17, wherein the acid comprises citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, boric acid, or a combination thereof.

19. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 10, wherein the solid reactant includes a reaction product path that moves reaction products to the channel fluidly coupling the product collection area to the reaction area, wherein the reaction product path is selected from the group consisting of one channel disposed on a surface of the solid reactant, one channel disposed through the solid reactant, one helix channel disposed around the solid reactant, a contained region disposed around the solid reactant, and one conduit abutting the solid reactant.

20. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 10, wherein the reaction area is substantially contained in the liquid storage area.

21. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 20, wherein the liquid storage area is substantially contained in the product collection area.

22. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 1, wherein the reaction components include a liquid component, a solid component, and a gaseous component, wherein the product collection area includes a product filter that adsorbs the liquid and solid components.

23. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 1, wherein one of the barriers is a bag enclosing the liquid storage area.

24. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 1, wherein one of the barriers encloses the product collection area and expands as the volume of the product collector area increases.

25. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 1 further comprising a liquid dispenser that pumps the liquid reactant from the liquid storage area into the reaction area, such that the liquid reactant reacts with the solid reactant to produce reaction components.

26. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 25, wherein the liquid dispenser comprises an inlet fluidly coupled to the liquid storage area, an outlet fluidly coupled to the reaction area, and a surface in fluid communication with the inlet and outlet, wherein the surface moves to pump the liquid reactant from the liquid storage area to the reaction area.

27. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 26, wherein the liquid storage area is under vacuum.

28. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 27, wherein the liquid dispenser inlet is a tube in the liquid storage area, wherein the tube is fluidly coupled to a flexible plastic thread with a length as long as the longest dimension of the liquid storage area and a diameter substantially smaller than the length of the tube.

29. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 26, wherein the surface is a flexible diaphragm that reciprocates to pump the liquid reactant.

30. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 1, wherein the outer container is rigid, semi-rigid, flexible, or have a combination of rigidities.

31. The fuel supply cartridge of claim 1, wherein:

the fuel supply further comprises a biasing mechanism that substantially envelops the reaction area;

the solid reactant includes a helix channel disposed around the solid reactant that guides the reaction composition to the product collection area the liquid dispenser includes an inlet fluidly coupled to the liquid storage area, an outlet fluidly coupled to the reaction area, and a diaphragm in fluid communication with the inlet and outlet, wherein the diaphragm reciprocates to pump the liquid reactant from the liquid storage area to the reaction area; and

the product collection area further includes an open cell foam that significantly adsorbs the reaction components.