Communication applications

• US 9,778,389 B2
• Filed: 12/04/2012
• Issued: 10/03/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 05/27/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Halliburton Energy Services Incorporated (Halliburton Company)
• Original Assignee: Halliburton Energy Services Incorporated (Halliburton Company)
• Inventors: Stolpman, Victor James
• Primary Examiner(s): Phan, Hai
• Assistant Examiner(s): Balseca, Franklin
• Application Number:
  US13/693,369
• Publication Number:
  US 20130093597A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,764 Days
• Field of Search: 3408531, 3408543, 3408545, 3408564, 367 81, 367 83- 85, 375237, 375238, 375239, 370212, 370213, 332112, 332113, 332114, 329312, 329313, 329314
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/125 using earth as an electrical conductor by electromagnetic energy E21B47/13
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/18 through the well fluid , e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/20 by modulation of mud waves, e.g. by continuous modulation
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/22 by negative mud pulses using a pressure relieve valve between drill pipe and annulus
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/24 by positive mud pulses using a flow restricting valve within the drill pipe
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/38 Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation, for correction
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/707 using direct sequence modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 13/02 Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03866 using scrambling
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/4902 Pulse width modulation; Pulse position modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2615 Reduction thereof using coding

Abstract

In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as a method and an article, may operate to transmit and receive data. Transmission may comprise transforming larger values of acquired data into smaller values of transformed data using a transform defined by a seed value selected to reduce digital pulse position modulation transmission time for the acquired data. Additional activities include digital pulse position modulating the transformed data and a checksum associated with the transformed data to provide a propagation signal, and transmitting the propagation signal into drilling fluid or a geological formation. Reception may comprise receiving the propagation signal, demodulating the propagation signal to extract the transformed data and the checksum, and transforming the transformed data into an estimate of the acquired data, using the transform defined by the seed value validated by the checksum. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are described.

Claims

1. An apparatus, comprising:

a seed transmitter selector arranged to select a seed value from a plurality of seed values to reduce differential pulse position modulation transmission time, the selection based on calculations of time, for each seed value of the plurality of seed values, to complete transmission of a payload;

a scrambler module to transform larger values of acquired data into smaller values of transformed data according to the seed value selected from the plurality of seed values to reduce differential pulse position modulation transmission time;

a differential pulse position modulator to modulate the transformed data and a checksum associated with the transformed data as a propagation signal; and

a transducer to transmit the propagation signal into drilling fluid or a geological formation.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transducer comprises one of a pulser to induce pulses in the drilling fluid, or an amplifier to receive the propagation signal, and to produce an amplified version of the propagation signal in the geological formation.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the pulser comprises a valve.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a linear feedback shift register configurable to accomplish the transform using the seed value.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a cyclic redundancy check processing module to generate a cyclic redundancy check value as the checksum.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a portion of a drill string to house the scrambler module.

7. An apparatus, comprising:

a sensor to receive a propagation signal as an acoustic signal propagated in drilling fluid or as an electrical signal propagated in a geological formation;

a differential pulse position demodulator to extract transformed data, multiple seed values, and a checksum from the propagated signal;

a seed selector to select a seed value from multiple seed values validated by the checksum; and

a descrambler module to transform the transformed data into an estimated version of acquired data using a transform defined by the selected seed value of the multiple seed values validated by the checksum, wherein the selection of the seed value is based on at least one optimization metric.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the selected seed value is selected as one of the multiple values having a shortest transmission duration associated with a received aggregate of the estimated version of the acquired data.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:

a shift register configurable to accomplish the transform using the selected seed value.

10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the sensor is one of a surface receiver configured to receive the propagation signal from a sub-surface mud pulser, or an electromagnetic telemetry receiver configured to receive the propagation signal from a sub-surface electromagnetic telemetry transmitter.

11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one optimization metric is selected from a group consisting of a data packet transmission time, an average data packet transmission rate, a data packet error rate, a predicted data packet error rate, a peak-to-average power ration, and parity data.

12. A computer-implemented method, comprising:

selecting a seed value from a plurality of seed values to reduce differential pulse position modulation transmission time, the selection based on calculating time, for each seed value of the plurality of seed values, to complete transmitting a payload;

transforming larger values of acquired data into smaller values of transformed data using a transform defined by the seed value selected from the plurality of seed values to reduce differential pulse position modulation transmission time for the acquired data;

differential pulse position modulating the transformed data and a checksum associated with the transformed data to provide a propagation signal; and

transmitting the propagation signal into drilling fluid or a geological formation.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:

formatting the acquired data into fixed length packets, with at least one of the packets including the seed value or a polynomial indicator used in the transforming.

14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:

calculating at least one of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checksum or parity data using at least one of the acquired data or the transformed data;

formatting the acquired data or the transformed data into fixed-length packets; and

inserting the at least one of the CRC checksum or parity data as the checksum into at least one of the fixed-length packets.

15. The method of claim 12, further comprising:

differential pulse position modulating a polynomial indicator to provide a modulated portion of the propagation signal, wherein the polynomial indicator is used to define the transform.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

selecting the polynomial indicator to reduce the differential pulse position modulation transmission time for the acquired data.

17. A computer-implemented method, comprising:

receiving a propagation signal as an acoustic signal propagated in drilling fluid or as an electrical signal propagated in a geological formation;

demodulating, by differential pulse position demodulation, the propagation signal to extract transformed data, multiple seed values, and a checksum;

selecting a seed value from the multiple seed values validated by the checksum; and

transforming the transformed data into an estimate of acquired data, using a transform defined by the selected seed value of the multiple seed values validated by the checksum, wherein the selecting of the seed value is based on at least one optimization metric.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

selecting the seed value from the multiple seed values validated by the checksum by selecting one of the multiple seed values having a shortest transmission duration associated with a received aggregate of the estimate of the acquired data.

19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

selecting the seed value according to a predetermined order of configurations stored in a table.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the at least one optimization metric is selected from a group consisting of a data packet transmission time, an average data packet transmission rate, a data packet error rate, a predicted data packet error rate, a peak-to-average power ration, and parity data.