Microprocessor controlled class E driver

• US 9,780,596 B2
• Filed: 07/29/2014
• Issued: 10/03/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 07/29/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research
• Original Assignee: Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research
• Inventors: Dearden, Brian R., Wolfe, James H., Khemani, Manish
• Primary Examiner(s): WILLIAMS, ARUN C
• Application Number:
  US14/446,294
• Publication Number:
  US 20150028806A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,162 Days
• Field of Search: 320108
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36125 Details of circuitry or electric components
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37223 Circuits for electromagnetic coupling
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3727 characterised by the modulation technique
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3787 from an external energy source
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/23 The load being a medical device, a medical implant, or a life supporting device
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/10 using inductive coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00034 Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
• CPC Class Codes: H03C 3/00 Angle modulation H03C5/00, H03C7/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/79 for data transfer in combination with power transfer

Abstract

A charger including a class E power driver, a frequency-shift keying (“FSK”) module, and a processor. The processor can receive data relating to the operation of the class E power driver and can control the class E power driver based on the received data relating to the operation of the class E power driver. The processor can additionally control the FSK module to modulate the natural frequency of the class E power transformer to thereby allow the simultaneous recharging of an implantable device and the transmission of data to the implantable device. The processor can additionally compensate for propagation delays by adjusting switching times.

Claims

1. A charger comprising:

a charging coil magnetically coupleable with an implantable device to recharge the implantable device;

a class E driver electrically connected to the charging coil, wherein the class E driver comprises;

a switching circuit, wherein the switching circuit is switched by application of a first voltage to the switching circuit; and

a current sensor positioned to sense a current passing through the charging coil; and

a processor electrically connected to the class E driver to receive data indicative of the current passing through the charging coil and electrically connected to the class E driver to control the switching circuit via the application of the first voltage to the switching circuit, wherein the processor is controllable according to stored instructions to receive data indicative of the current passing through the charging coil and control the switching circuit in response to the received data to adjust a drive frequency of the class E driver based on the zero crossing time.

2. The charger of claim 1, wherein the switching circuit comprises a transistor.

3. The charger of claim 2, wherein the transistor comprises a MOSFET.

4. The charger of claim 3, wherein the processor is electrically connected to the class E driver to receive data indicative of a second voltage of the switching circuit.

5. The charger of claim 4, wherein the processor is further controllable according to stored instructions to:

receive data indicative of the second voltage of the switching circuit; and

control the switching circuit in response to the received data indicative of the second voltage of the switching circuit.

6. The charger of claim 4, wherein the second voltage is measured at a drain of the switching circuit and wherein the first voltage is applied to a gate of the switching circuit.

7. The charger of claim 6, wherein the processor is electrically connected to the class E driver via a voltage divider comprising a first resistor and a second resistor.

8. The charger of claim 1, wherein the processor is controllable according to stored instructions to:

sense a power switching transistor voltage; and

determine whether to adjust a first frequency with which the first voltage is applied to the switching circuit, wherein the adjustment of the first frequency mitigates one or several propagation delays.

9. The charger of claim 8, wherein the processor is controllable according to stored instructions to retrieve a stored value identifying a second frequency with which the first voltage is applied based on the sensed power switching transistor voltage.

10. The charger of claim 9, wherein the processor is controllable according to stored instructions to compare the retrieved stored value identifying the second frequency with which the first voltage is applied to one or several frequency limits.

11. The charger of claim 10, wherein the first frequency is set to the second frequency if the second frequency does not exceed the one or several frequency limits.

12. The charger of claim 10, wherein when the second frequency exceeds one of the one or several frequency limits, the first frequency is set to the exceeded one of the one or several frequency limits.

13. The charger of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises a table identifying a plurality of frequencies for controlling the switching circuit.

14. The charger of claim 1, wherein the processor comprises a table identifying a plurality of durations of time for which the switching circuit is closed.

15. The charger of claim 1, wherein the processor is controllable according to stored instructions to receive first data indicative of a first voltage and second data indicative of a second voltage, wherein the first voltage is the voltage at the switching circuit at the time of switching of the switching circuit, and wherein the second voltage is the voltage at the switching circuit after the switching of the switching circuit.

16. The charger of claim 15, wherein the processor is controllable according to stored instructions to compare the first data and the second data, and wherein the processor is configured to adjust a frequency of switching of the switching circuit based on the comparison of the first data and the second data.

17. The charger of claim 1, wherein the processor is controllable according to stored instructions to receive first data indicative of a first voltage and second data indicative of a second voltage, wherein the first voltage is the voltage at the switching circuit before the time of switching of the switching circuit, and wherein the second voltage is the voltage at the switching circuit after the switching of the switching circuit.

18. The charger of claim 17, wherein the processor is controllable according to stored instructions to compare the first data and the second data, and wherein the processor is configured to adjust a frequency of switching of the switching circuit based on the comparison of the first data and the second data.