Polymer composite wireline cables comprising optical fiber sensors

• US 9,791,334 B2
• Filed: 04/28/2015
• Issued: 10/17/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 05/16/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Halliburton Energy Services Incorporated (Halliburton Company)
• Original Assignee: Halliburton Energy Services Incorporated (Halliburton Company)
• Inventors: Xia, Hua, Thomas, Sean Gregory, Perkins, David L., Maida, John L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Fuller, Robert E
• Assistant Examiner(s): Carroll, David
• Application Number:
  US14/771,249
• Publication Number:
  US 20160363493A1
• Time in Patent Office: 903 Days
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 2300/22 Thermoplastic resins
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 5/04 Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 5/0405 with inorganic fibres
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 5/041 with metal fibres
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 5/042 with carbon fibres
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 5/043 with glass fibres
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 7/02 Fibres or whiskers
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 7/04 inorganic
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 101/00 Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
• CPC Class Codes: D07B 1/145 comprising elements for indicating or detecting the rope or cable status
• CPC Class Codes: D07B 2201/2096 Light guides
• CPC Class Codes: D07B 2301/252 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: D07B 2301/259 Strain or elongation
• CPC Class Codes: D07B 2301/5513 being of the reflective type
• CPC Class Codes: D07B 2301/5577 using light guides
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 17/206 with conductors, e.g. electrical, optical
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/007 Measuring stresses in a pipe string or casing for locating blocked portions of pipes E21B47/09
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/135 using light waves, e.g. infrared or ultraviolet waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/35303 using a reference fibre, e.g. interferometric devices
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/246 using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02076 : Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4415 : Cables for special applications G02B6/4429, G02B6/4439, G02B6/4479 take precedence

Abstract

A polymer composite wireline cable comprising: a polymeric matrix material; at least one reinforced fiber embedded in the polymeric matrix material; and at least one optical fiber disposed in the polymeric matrix material, the at least one optical fiber having at least one pair of Bragg grating sensors, wherein one of the pair of Bragg grating sensors is configured to experience loading strain and the other of the pair of Bragg grating sensors is configured not to experience loading strain.

Claims

1. A polymer composite wireline cable comprising:

a polymeric matrix material;

at least one reinforced fiber embedded in the polymeric matrix material; and

at least one optical fiber disposed in the polymeric matrix material, the at least one optical fiber having at least one pair of Bragg grating sensors, wherein one of the pair of Bragg grating sensors is configured to experience loading strain and the other of the pair of Bragg grating sensors is configured not to experience loading strain, the pair of Bragg grating sensors are located on the same fiber optical cable, and the pair of Bragg grating sensors have the same central resonant wavelength.

2. The polymer composite wireline cable of claim 1, wherein the polymer matrix material is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer.

3. The polymer composite wireline cable of claim 2, wherein the high-performance thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyaryletherketone, polyetheretherketone, polyimide, any derivative thereof, and any combination thereof.

4. The polymer composite wireline cable of claim 1, wherein the reinforced fiber is selected from the group consisting of a carbon fiber, a ceramic fiber, a glass fiber, a metal fiber, and any combination thereof.

5. The polymer composite wireline cable of claim 1, wherein the one of the pair of the Bragg grating sensors configured to experience loading strain measures both loading strain and temperature, and the other of the pair of the Bragg grating sensors configured not to experience loading strain measures temperature only.

6. The polymer composite wireline cable of claim 1, wherein the one of the pair of the Bragg grating sensors configured to experience loading strain, and the other of the pair of the Bragg grating sensors configured not to experience loading strain are separated by a length in the range of about 1 cm to about 100000 cm.

7. The polymer composite wireline cable of claim 1, wherein the pair of Bragg grating sensors each has a strain sensitivity in the range of about 0.75 pm/μ

∈

to about 10.5 pm/μ

∈

.

8. The polymer composite wireline cable of claim 1, wherein the pair of Bragg grating sensors each as a refractive index having a modulated pattern that is of a length in the range of about 3 mm to about 10 mm.

9. The polymer composite wireline cable of claim 1, wherein the polymer composite wireline cable has a length of about 3050 m to about 9150 m.

10. A method comprising:

providing a polymer composite wireline cable comprising;

a polymeric matrix material,

at least one reinforced fiber embedded in the polymeric matrix material, and

at least one optical fiber disposed in the polymeric matrix material, the at least one optical fiber having at least one pair of Bragg grating sensors, wherein one of the pair of Bragg grating sensors is configured to experience loading strain and the other of the pair of Bragg grating sensors is configured not to experience loading strain, the pair of Bragg grating sensors are located on the same fiber optical cable, and the pair of Bragg grating sensors have the same central resonant wavelength; and

introducing the polymer composite wireline cable into a subterranean formation.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising measuring both loading strain and temperature with the one of the pair of the Bragg grating sensors configured to experience loading strain, and measuring temperature only with the other of the pair of the Bragg grating sensors configured not to experience loading.

12. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining strain amplitude of the polymer composite wireline cable.

13. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining strain amplitude of the polymer composite wireline cable, and converting the strain amplitude into localized vibration frequency.

14. The method of claim 10, further comprising an optical signal processing system comprising a broadband electromagnetic radiation source and signal analysis equipment, and further comprising:

optically interacting light emitted from the broadband electromagnetic radiation source with the pair of Bragg grating sensors, and

receiving the optically interacted light as optically interacted light wavelengths with the signal analysis equipment.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the signal analysis equipment comprises a computer monitor, and further comprising visually displaying the optically interacted light wavelengths on the computer monitor.

16. The method of claim 14, further comprising converting the optically interacted light wavelengths into an electric signal with the signal analysis equipment.

17. A system comprising:

a wellbore in a subterranean formation;

a polymer composite wireline cable in the wellbore, the polymer composite wireline cable comprising;

a polymeric matrix material,

at least one reinforced fiber embedded in the polymeric matrix material, and

at least one optical fiber disposed in the polymeric matrix material, the at least one optical fiber having at least one pair of Bragg grating sensors, wherein one of the pair of Bragg grating sensors is configured to experience loading strain and the other of the pair of Bragg grating sensors is configured not to experience loading strain, the pair of Bragg grating sensors are located on the same fiber optical cable, and the pair of Bragg grating sensors have the same central resonant wavelength.

18. The system of claim 17, further comprising, an optical signal processing system comprising:

a broadband electromagnetic radiation source that emits light to optically interact with the pair of Bragg grating sensors, and

signal analysis equipment that receives the optically interacted light as optically interacted wavelengths.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the signal analysis equipment comprises a computer monitor that visually displays the optically interacted light wavelengths on the computer monitor.

20. The system of claim 18, wherein the signal analysis equipment converts the optically interacted light wavelengths into an electric signal.