Electric drive system and energy management method

• US 9,800,182 B2
• Filed: 12/02/2013
• Issued: 10/24/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 12/03/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Zhou, Jian, Xu, Fei, Liu, Dong, Qiu, Hai, Kang, Pengju
• Primary Examiner(s): Chan, Kawing
• Application Number:
  US14/094,086
• Publication Number:
  US 20140152225A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,422 Days
• Field of Search: 318500, 318494
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/20 for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/2081 for drive off on a slope
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/209 for overtaking
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/38 with automatic control
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/421 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/423 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/30 using propulsion power stored mechanically, e.g. in fly-wheels
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/40 using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/51 characterised by AC-motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/64 Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/20 having different nominal voltages
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/18 Controlling the braking effect B60L7/12, B60L7/14, B60L7/16 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/02 for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/345 using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 17/02 Asynchronous induction motors
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 4/00 Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric motors that can be connected to two or more different electric power supplies vector control H02P21/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

An electric drive system includes an energy storage system (ESS), a power conversion system, and an alternating current (AC) traction system. The ESS provides or receives electric power. The ESS includes a first energy storage unit and a second energy storage unit. The power conversion system is electrically coupled to the ESS for converting an input power to an output power. The AC traction system is electrically coupled to the power conversion system for converting the output power of the power conversion system to mechanical torques. The AC traction system includes a first AC drive device and a second AC drive device. An energy management system (EMS) is in electrical communication with the ESS, the AC traction system, and the power conversion system for providing control signals.

Claims

1. An electric drive system, comprising:

an energy storage system (ESS), comprising;

a first energy storage unit; and

a second energy storage unit;

a power conversion system coupled to the ESS;

an alternating current (AC) traction system coupled to the power conversion system for converting electric power to mechanical torque, wherein the AC traction system comprises;

a first AC drive device for providing or receiving a first mechanical torque; and

a second AC drive device for providing or receiving a second mechanical torque;

a transmission device coupled to the first AC drive device for providing or receiving a third mechanical torque;

a power device coupled to the transmission device and the second AC drive device, the power device comprising one or more gears configured to;

combine the third mechanical torque and second mechanical torque into a fourth mechanical torque; and

output the fourth mechanical torque to a load; and

an energy management system (EMS) in communication with the ESS, the AC traction system, and the power conversion system for providing control signals.

2. The electric drive system of claim 1, further comprising a pre-charging switching device coupled between the first energy storage unit and the second energy storage unit.

3. The electric drive system of claim 2, wherein the pre-charging switching device is a unidirectional switching device.

4. The electric drive system of claim 1, wherein the power conversion system comprises a power conversion device.

5. The electric drive system of claim 1, wherein the power conversion system further comprises:

a first power conversion device coupled to the first energy storage unit; and

a second power conversion device coupled to the second energy storage unit.

6. The electric drive system of claim 1, wherein the power conversion system further comprises:

a first power conversion device coupled to the first energy storage unit; and

a second power conversion device coupled in series with the first power conversion device.

7. The electric drive system of claim 1, wherein:

the first AC drive device comprises;

at least one of an induction motor (IM) and an interior permanent motor (IPM) operated as a first AC motor; and

a first DC/AC inverter coupled to the first AC motor; and

the second AC drive device comprises;

at least one of the IM and the IPM operated as a second AC motor; and

a second DC/AC inverter coupled to the second AC motor.

8. The electric drive system of claim 1, wherein the power device is further configured for splitting the fourth mechanical torque into the third mechanical torque and second mechanical torque.

9. The electric drive system of claim 8, wherein the power device is further configured to:

provide the third mechanical torque to the transmission device, the transmission device providing the first mechanical torque to the first AC drive device for converting the first mechanical torque into electric power for charging the ESS; and

provide the second mechanical torque to the second AC drive device for converting the second mechanical torque into electric power for charging the ESS.

10. The electric drive system of claim 1, wherein the EMS is further configured to selectively:

enable both the first and second AC motors to provide mechanical torque to the load through the power device to drive the vehicle; and

enable the first AC motor to provide mechanical torque to the load through the power device to drive the vehicle, and enable the second AC motor to operate as a generator to receive mechanical torque from the power device to generate electrical power.

11. An energy management method, comprising:

enabling at least one of a first AC drive device and a second AC drive device based at least in part on an electric drive system speed signal;

enabling an energy storage system (ESS) comprising at least one of a first energy storage unit and a second energy storage unit; and

sending power control signals to a power conversion system for controlling power flow paths in an electric drive system, wherein controlling the power flow paths comprises;

receiving or providing at least one input power by the power conversion system; and

providing or receiving at least one output power by the power conversion system

converting an electric power generated from the ESS into a first mechanical torque by the first AC drive device;

splitting the first mechanical torque into a second mechanical torque and a third mechanical torque;

providing the second mechanical torque to the second AC drive device for converting the second mechanical torque into electric power for charging the second energy storage unit; and

providing the third mechanical torque to a load.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

calculating a first torque command signal and a second torque command signal through a torque distribution unit; and

sending the first torque command signal and the second torque control signal to the first AC drive device and the second AC drive device, respectively.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the torque distribution unit comprises a torque distribution algorithm with a look up table defining high efficiency areas of two AC motors according to efficiency maps of each AC motor in the first AC drive device and the second AC drive device for reducing total loss.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising changing an operating point of the first AC drive device through a transmission device for optimizing the torque distribution algorithm.

15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

determining an operating mode of a propulsion system based at least in part on the electric drive system speed signal, wherein the operating mode comprises;

a normal mode comprising a starting mode, an accelerating mode, a cruising mode, and a braking mode; and

a fault-tolerate mode.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising one of the following:

enabling at least one of the first AC drive device and second AC drive device and at least one of the first energy storage unit and second energy storage unit in the fault-tolerate mode;

enabling the second AC drive device when a required power P_req is within the ability of the second AC drive device in the starting mode;

enabling the first AC drive device when P_req exceeds the ability of the second AC drive device in the starting mode;

enabling both of the first AC drive device and second AC drive device in the accelerating mode;

enabling at least one of the first AC drive device and second AC drive device in the cruising mode; and

enabling both of the first AC drive device and second AC drive device in the braking mode.

17. The method of claim 11, further comprising enabling the second energy storage unit as an assistant to provide additional power when the first energy storage unit fails to provide a required power.

18. An electric drive system, comprising:

an energy storage system (ESS) comprising a plurality of energy storage units;

a power conversion system coupled to the ESS;

an alternating current (AC) traction system coupled to the power conversion system for converting electric power to mechanical torque, wherein the AC traction system comprises;

a first AC drive device for providing or receiving a first mechanical torque; and

a second AC drive device for providing or receiving a second mechanical torque;

a power device coupled to the AC traction system configured for splitting the first mechanical torque into the second mechanical torque and a third mechanical torque; and

an energy management system (EMS) in communication with the ESS, the AC traction system, and the power conversion system for providing control signals.

19. The electric drive system of claim 18, wherein the power device is further configured for combining the second mechanical torque and the third mechanical torque into the first mechanical torque.