Coatings for the controllable release of antimicrobial metal ions
First Claim
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1. An apparatus that galvanically releases antimicrobial ions, the apparatus comprising:
- a substrate; and
a coating on the substrate, the coating comprising a mixture of between about 25% and 75% by volume of an anodic metal and between about 25% to 75% by volume of a cathodic metal co-deposited on the substrate, wherein the coating comprises a plurality of microregions or microdomains of anodic metal in a matrix of cathodic metal or a plurality of microregions or microdomains of cathodic metal in a matrix of anodic metal, the microregions or microdomains forming interconnected veins of anodic metal through the coating thickness, or interconnected veins of cathodic metal through the coating thickness, wherein the veins extend from an outer surface of the coating through the coating to an opposite side of the coating;
wherein the anodic metal is galvanically released as antimicrobial ions when the apparatus is exposed to a bodily fluid.
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Abstract
Antimicrobial metal ion coatings. In particular, described herein are coatings including an anodic metal (e.g., silver and/or zinc and/or copper) that is co-deposited with a cathodic metal (e.g., palladium, platinum, gold, molybdenum, titanium, iridium, osmium, niobium or rhenium) on a substrate so that the anodic metal is galvanically released as antimicrobial ions when the apparatus is exposed to a bodily fluid. The anodic metal may be at least about 25 percent by volume of the coating, resulting in a network of anodic metal with less than 20% of the anodic metal in the coating fully encapsulated by cathodic metal.
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Citations
21 Claims
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1. An apparatus that galvanically releases antimicrobial ions, the apparatus comprising:
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a substrate; and a coating on the substrate, the coating comprising a mixture of between about 25% and 75% by volume of an anodic metal and between about 25% to 75% by volume of a cathodic metal co-deposited on the substrate, wherein the coating comprises a plurality of microregions or microdomains of anodic metal in a matrix of cathodic metal or a plurality of microregions or microdomains of cathodic metal in a matrix of anodic metal, the microregions or microdomains forming interconnected veins of anodic metal through the coating thickness, or interconnected veins of cathodic metal through the coating thickness, wherein the veins extend from an outer surface of the coating through the coating to an opposite side of the coating; wherein the anodic metal is galvanically released as antimicrobial ions when the apparatus is exposed to a bodily fluid. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
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15. An apparatus that galvanically releases antimicrobial ions, the apparatus comprising:
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a substrate; and a patterned coating on the substrate, the patterned coating comprising a mixture of between about 25% and 75% by volume of an anodic metal and between about 25% to 75% by volume of a cathodic metal co-deposited on the substrate, wherein the coating comprises a plurality of microregions or microdomains of anodic metal in a matrix of cathodic metal or a plurality of microregions or microdomains of cathodic metal in a matrix of anodic metal, the microregions or microdomains forming interconnected veins of anodic metal through the coating thickness, or interconnected veins of cathodic metal through the coating thickness, wherein the veins extend from an outer surface of the coating through the coating to an opposite side of the coating; wherein the patterned coating includes one or more of;
a sinusoidal pattern, cross-hatched pattern, a mesh pattern, a web pattern, or a zig-zag pattern, further wherein the anodic metal is galvanically released as antimicrobial ions when the apparatus is exposed to a bodily fluid.
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16. A method of galvanically releasing antimicrobial ions from a coated surface, the method comprising:
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contacting the coated surface with a bodily fluid, wherein the coated surface comprises a coating having a mixture of between about 25% and 75% by volume of an anodic metal and between about 25% to 75% by volume of a cathodic metal co-deposited on the surface, further wherein the coating comprises a plurality of microregions or microdomains of anodic metal in a matrix of cathodic metal or a plurality of microregions or microdomains of cathodic metal in a matrix of anodic metal, the microregions or microdomains forming a path of interconnected veins of anodic metal through the coating thickness, or a path of interconnected veins of cathodic metal through the coating thickness, wherein the path extends from an outer surface of the coating through the coating to an opposite side of the coating; and galvanically releasing antimicrobial ions of the anodic metal from the coating. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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Specification