Methods and apparatus for enhanced coexistence algorithms in wireless systems

• US 9,839,041 B2
• Filed: 08/17/2015
• Issued: 12/05/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 10/05/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Tolentino, Jaime, Chen, Camille, Giles, Michael Jason, Le, Huy, Thomason, Gary, Hardell, David A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Parth
• Application Number:
  US14/828,283
• Publication Number:
  US 20160050681A1
• Time in Patent Office: 841 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 15/00 Suppression or limitation of noise or interference by means associated with receiver H04B1/10
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/318 Received signal strength
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/345 Interference values signal-to-interference ratio [SIR] or carrier-to-interference ratio [CIR] H04B17/336
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0001 Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff adaptive data allocation for multicarrier modulation H04L5/0044; controlling transmission power for radio systems H04W52/04
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/20 using signal quality detector
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0007 the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0012 Hopping in multicarrier systems for frequency hopping in spread spectrum systems H04B1/713
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0066 Requirements on out-of-channel emissions
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 24/00 Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 24/02 Arrangements for optimising operational condition
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 28/0236 radio quality, e.g. interference, losses or delay
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 28/04 Error control
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/80 Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/245 taking into account received signal strength
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 72/02 Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 72/1215 for collaboration of different radio technologies
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 72/542 using measured or perceived quality
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/12 WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/06 adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for mitigating the effects of interference between multiple air interfaces located on an electronic device. In one embodiment, the air interfaces include a WLAN interface and PAN (e.g., Bluetooth) interface, and information such as Receiver Signal Strength Index (RSSI) as well as system noise level information are used in order to intelligently execute interference mitigation methodologies, including the selective application of modified frequency selection, variation of transmitter power, and/or change of operating mode (e.g., from multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) to single-in, single-out (SISO)) so as to reduce isolation requirements between the interfaces. These methods and apparatus are particularly well suited to use cases where the WLAN interface is operating with high data transmission rates. Business methods associated with the foregoing technology are also described.

Claims

1. A hardware module configured to reduce interference between communication protocols of a first air interface and a second air interface, the hardware module comprising:

a first data interface coupled to the first air interface;

a management interface coupled to at least another hardware module, the at least another hardware module being configured to control the second air interface, at least one of the first air interface or the second air interface being configured to operate according to a multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) protocol;

a processor apparatus; and

a non-transitory computer-readable storage apparatus in data communication with the processor apparatus and comprising a medium with at least one computer program stored thereon, the at least one computer program being configured to, when executed on the processor apparatus, cause the hardware module to;

determine that the first air interface is exposed to a noise environment wherein a first threshold for a system noise floor is exceeded;

adjust a transmit power for at least the first or the second air interface based at least on the determination;

determine that the first air interface is exposed to a noise environment wherein a second threshold for the system noise floor is exceeded; and

turn off at least one channel associated with the at least one of the first air interface or the second air interface configured to operate according to the MIMO protocol.

2. The hardware module of claim 1, wherein the first air interface and the second air interface comprise a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) interface and a Bluetooth interface, respectively.

3. The hardware module of claim 2, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to, when executed on the processor apparatus:

measure a received signal strength via at least one of the first air interface or the second air interface;

evaluate the measured signal strength under one or more criteria; and

based at least in part on the evaluation, implement a modified adaptive frequency management protocol.

4. The hardware module of claim 3, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to, when executed on the processor apparatus, utilize an adjusted channel map associated with an adaptive frequency hopping function of the Bluetooth interface.

5. The hardware module of claim 1, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to, when executed on the processor apparatus, adjust a frequency utilization of at least one of the first air interface or the second air interface.

6. The hardware module of claim 1, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to, when executed on the processor apparatus, determine a signal strength of the second air interface before the determination that the first air interface is exposed to the noise environment wherein the first threshold for the system noise floor is exceeded.

7. The hardware module of claim 6, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to, when executed on the processor apparatus, determine that the first air interface is exposed to the noise environment wherein the first threshold for the system noise floor is exceeded, when the signal strength of the second interface is determined to not exceed a threshold for the signal strength.

8. The hardware module of claim 7, wherein the threshold for the signal strength comprises a predetermined threshold value.

9. A hardware module configured to reduce interference between communication protocols of a first air interface and a second air interface, the hardware module comprising:

a first interface coupled to the first air interface;

a management interface coupled to at least another hardware module, the at least another hardware module configured to control the second air interface;

a processor apparatus; and

a non-transitory computer-readable apparatus in data communication with the processor apparatus and having a storage medium with at least one computer program stored thereon, the at least one computer program configured to, when executed on the processor apparatus, cause the hardware module to;

determine a signal strength parameter of the first air interface;

determine a system noise floor parameter of the first interface; and

transmit data relating to the signal strength parameter and the system noise floor parameter via the management interface to the at least another hardware module;

wherein the at least another hardware module is configured to, based at least on the transmitted data, adjust the second air interface operation according to a coexistence algorithm that accounts for the signal strength parameter and the system noise floor parameter;

wherein the adjustment of the second air interface comprises an adjustment of a channel map associated with an adaptive frequency hopping function of the second air interface; and

wherein the adjustment of the channel map comprises an adjustment of selected frequencies of the channel map to maintain an increased frequency difference from a frequency associated with the first air interface relative to the adaptive frequency hopping function without such adjustment.

10. The hardware module of claim 9, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to, when executed on the processor apparatus, cause the hardware module to determine whether the first air interface is disposed in an environment in which a threshold for the system noise floor is exceeded.

11. The hardware module of claim 9, wherein the coexistence algorithm is configured to impose a data rate mask or a limitation on transmission on the first or the second air interface.

12. The hardware module of claim 9, wherein the first air interface and the second air interface comprise a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) interface and a Bluetooth interface, respectively.

13. A method of reducing interference between communication protocols of a first air interface and a second air interface using a hardware module, the method comprising:

coupling a first data interface to the first air interface;

coupling a management interface to another hardware module, the other hardware module being configured to control the second air interface, at least one of the first and the second air interfaces being configured to operate according to a multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) protocol;

determining that the first air interface is exposed to a noise environment wherein a first threshold for a system noise floor is exceeded;

adjusting a transmit power for at least the first or the second air interface based at least in part on the determining;

determining that the first air interface is exposed to a noise environment wherein a second threshold for the system noise floor is exceeded; and

turning off at least one channel associated with the at least one of the first air interface or the second interface configured to operate according to the MIMO protocol.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first air interface and the second air interface comprise a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) interface and a Bluetooth interface, respectively.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:

measuring a received signal strength via at least one of the first air interface or the second air interface;

evaluating the measured signal strength under one or more criteria; and

based at least in part on the evaluating, implementing a modified adaptive frequency management protocol.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising utilizing an adjusted channel map associated with an adaptive frequency hopping function of the Bluetooth interface.

17. The method of claim 13, further comprising adjusting a frequency utilization of the at least one of the first air interface or the second air interface.

18. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

determining whether a signal strength indicator meets or exceeds a threshold value;

when the signal strength indicator does not exceed the threshold value, determining thereafter that the first air interface is exposed to the noise environment wherein the first threshold for the system noise floor is exceeded.

19. The method of claim 13, further comprising imposing a data rate map based on the determination that the first air interface is exposed to the noise environment wherein the first threshold for the system noise floor is exceeded, the imposing of the data rate map comprising implementing a data throttling algorithm on the first data interface.

20. The method of claim 13, wherein the adjusting of the transmit power for the at least one of the first or the second air interface comprises adjusting the transmit power based on a transmission power map, the transmission power map accounting for application of the at least one of the first or the second air interface.