Lithium sulfur electrochemical cell including insoluble nitrogen-containing compound and battery including the cell
First Claim
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1. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
- a cathode comprising an electroactive sulfur containing material;
an anode comprising lithium;
a separator between the anode and cathode; and
a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % of one or more non-aqueous solvents, about 0.2 m (moles/kg of solvent) to about 2.0 m of one or more lithium salts, about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of a substantially insoluble nitrogen-containing material, wherein the solubility of the substantially insoluble nitrogen-containing material in the electrolyte is less than 1%, and about 0.5 wt % to about 7.5 wt % of an additive comprising an N—
O compound,wherein the substantially insoluble nitrogen containing material comprises a nitro compound, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, polyamide or a nitrate or nitrite in combination with a salt, aromatic hydrocarbon, or ether added to the electrolyte to make the nitrate or nitrite insoluble in the electrolyte, or a compound including an N—
O or amine functional group attached to a carbon chain comprising about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms configured to form micelle structures comprising the N—
O or amine functional groups.
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Abstract
An electrochemical cell including at least one nitrogen-containing compound is disclosed. The at least one nitrogen-containing compound may form part of or be included in: an anode structure, a cathode structure, an electrolyte and/or a separator of the electrochemical cell. Also disclosed is a battery including the electrochemical cell.
134 Citations
18 Claims
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1. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
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a cathode comprising an electroactive sulfur containing material; an anode comprising lithium; a separator between the anode and cathode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % of one or more non-aqueous solvents, about 0.2 m (moles/kg of solvent) to about 2.0 m of one or more lithium salts, about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of a substantially insoluble nitrogen-containing material, wherein the solubility of the substantially insoluble nitrogen-containing material in the electrolyte is less than 1%, and about 0.5 wt % to about 7.5 wt % of an additive comprising an N—
O compound,wherein the substantially insoluble nitrogen containing material comprises a nitro compound, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, polyamide or a nitrate or nitrite in combination with a salt, aromatic hydrocarbon, or ether added to the electrolyte to make the nitrate or nitrite insoluble in the electrolyte, or a compound including an N—
O or amine functional group attached to a carbon chain comprising about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms configured to form micelle structures comprising the N—
O or amine functional groups.
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2. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
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a cathode comprising an electroactive sulfur containing material; an anode comprising lithium; a substantially insoluble nitrogen-containing compound; and a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % of one or more non-aqueous solvents, about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the substantially insoluble nitrogen-containing compound, about 0.2 m (moles/kg of solvent) to about 2.0 m of one or more lithium salts, wherein the solubility of the substantially insoluble nitrogen-containing compound in the non-aqueous electrolyte is less than 1 wt %, and about 0.5 wt % to about 7.5 wt % of an additive comprising an N—
O compound,wherein the substantially insoluble nitrogen containing compound comprises a nitro compound, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, polyamide or a nitrate or nitrite in combination with a salt, aromatic hydrocarbon, or ether added to the electrolyte to make the nitrate or nitrite insoluble in the electrolyte, or a compound including an N—
O or amine functional group attached to a carbon chain comprising about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms configured to form micelle structures comprising the N—
O or amine functional groups, andwherein the non-aqueous electrolyte is a liquid or a gel. - View Dependent Claims (3, 4)
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5. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
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a cathode comprising an electroactive sulfur containing material; an anode comprising lithium; a separator between the anode and cathode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising about 60 wt % to about 80 wt % of one or more non-aqueous solvents, about 0.2 m (moles/kg of solvent) to about 2.0 m of one or more lithium salts, about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of a substantially insoluble nitrogen-containing material, wherein the solubility of the substantially insoluble nitrogen-containing material in the electrolyte is less than 1%, and about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of an additive comprising an N—
O compound,wherein the substantially insoluble nitrogen containing material comprises a nitro compound, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, polyamide or a nitrate or nitrite in combination with a salt, aromatic hydrocarbon, or ether added to the electrolyte to make the nitrate or nitrite insoluble in the electrolyte, or a compound including an N—
O or amine functional group attached to a carbon chain comprising about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms configured to form micelle structures comprising the N—
O or amine functional groups, andwherein the N—
O compound is selected from the group consisting of inorganic nitrates, organic nitrates, inorganic nitrites, organic nitrites, organic nitro compounds, and compounds with one or more of negatively, neutral and positively charged nitrogen oxide groups. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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Specification