Electric power system control with measurement of energy demand and energy efficiency

• US 9,847,639 B2
• Filed: 01/28/2016
• Issued: 12/19/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Dominion Energy, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Dominion Energy, Inc.
• Inventors: Hall, Edmund J., Tyler, Stephen J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Karim, Ziaul
• Application Number:
  US15/009,016
• Publication Number:
  US 20160164290A1
• Time in Patent Office: 691 Days
• Field of Search: 700 98, 700295-298
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 19/2513 Arrangements for monitoring electric power systems, e.g. power lines or loads; Logging
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 15/02 electric
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/04 Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem" market predictions or forecasting for commercial activities G06Q30/0202
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 50/06 Energy or water supply
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00004 characterised by the power network being locally controlled
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00016 using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00017 using optical fiber
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00024 by means of mobile telephony
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00026 involving a local wireless network, e.g. Wi-Fi, ZigBee or Bluetooth
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00034 the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2203/20 Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/12 The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/60 Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/00 Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/003 Load forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future load demand
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/12 for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/14 by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/24 Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks by control effected upon a single generator H02P9/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/3225 Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/20 Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/70 : Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 : Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/50 : Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/00 : Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/222 : Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/20 : Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security

Abstract

A method, apparatus, system and computer program is provided for controlling an electric power system, including implementation of voltage measurement using paired comparison analysis applied to calculating a shift in average usage per customer from one time period to another time period for a given electrical use population where the pairing process is optimized using a novel technique to improve the accuracy of the measurement.

Claims

1. A control system for an electric power grid configured to supply electric power from a supply point to a plurality of consumption locations, the system comprising:

a plurality of sensors, wherein each sensor is located at a respective one of a plurality of distribution locations on the distribution grid at or between the supply point and at least one of the plurality of consumption locations, and wherein each sensor is configured to sense a component of the supplied electric power received at the respective distribution location and to generate measurement data based on the sensed component of the power;

a controller configured to receive measurement data from the plurality of sensors, and to operate the electric power grid in a modification-on state or in a modification-off state;

wherein the controller generates an energy delivery parameter based on the measurement data;

a component adjusting device configured to adjust a component of the electric power grid in response to the energy delivery parameter;

wherein the controller is configured to determine, using an energy validation process, the change in energy characteristics between the modification-on state and the modification-off state, using a paired comparison, wherein the paired comparison includes a pairing process and the pairing process includes applying at least one filter selected from the group consisting of;

a temperature filter configured to not pair records that are not within a predetermined temperature difference,

a prior time filter configured to not pair records that are not within a predetermined average temperature difference for a predetermined prior time period immediately preceding the time when the records were taken,

a relative humidity filter configured to not pair records that are not within a predetermined humidity difference,

an interval index filter configured to order sub-interval periods by a loading impact of each sub-interval period and to not pair records that are not within a predetermined index offset value,

MW filter configured to not pair records that not within a predetermined MW difference,

a voltage filter configured to not pair records that not within a predetermined voltage difference,

a linear value correlation filter configured to not pair records that not within a predetermined linear correlation factor, and

an outlier filter configured to exclude paired records greater than a predetermined Median Absolute Deviation (MAD).

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller generates an energy delivery parameter based on the measurement data when the controller is in the modification-on state, but not when the controller is in the modification-off state.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the component of the supplied electric power is measured by the sensors on an interval basis.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the component of the supplied electric power is voltage.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the component of the electric power grid adjusting device comprises:

a load tap change transformer that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point based on a load tap change coefficient;

or a voltage regulator that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point based on the energy delivery parameter.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the load tap change transformer is located at a substation and at least one sensor is located at the substation.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the modification is conservation voltage reduction (CVR).

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the change in energy characteristic is determined at a a CVR node.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the energy characteristic is the conservation voltage reduction factor.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the energy characteristic is the energy savings.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the paired comparison includes a pairing process for selecting pairs of data to compare.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the paired comparison includes a paired t measurement.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein the paired comparison comprises an additional process that breaks the paired comparison process into measurements by season and uses linear regression constants to determine the blocks of hours where consistent loads exist and paired t comparisons can be calculated within predetermined limits.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the predetermined prior time of the prior time filter is about six hours.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein the predetermined prior time of the prior time filter is about seventy two hours.

16. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one filter includes the outlier filter and the outlier filter is configured to exclude paired records greater than a predetermined Median Absolute Deviation (MAD).

17. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to use the paired t p-factor to eliminate data having values outside of corresponding predetermined normalized ranges of values to determine measurement accuracy.

18. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determining the change in energy characteristic based on a first variable.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the first variable is season, grouped hour, or customer type.

20. The system of claim 18, wherein the controller is configured to provide a second pairing variable that is secondary to the first pairing variable, to pair the first variable values to the closest modification-off to modification-on values, and determining a weighed scoring of the pairs based on the relative slopes of the linear relationship between the first and second respective variables.

21. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to exclude data that is affected by non-efficiency variables.

22. A method for controlling electrical power supplied to a plurality of distribution locations located at or between a supply point and at least one consumption location, each of the plurality of distribution locations including at least one sensor configured to sense a voltage of the supplied electric power received at the respective distribution location and generate measurement data based on the sensed voltage, the method comprising:

controlling the electric power grid in a modification-on state or in a modification-off state;

wherein a controller generates an energy delivery parameter based on the measurement data when the controller is in the modification-on state, but not when the controller is in the modification-off state;

operating an component adjusting device configured to adjust a component of the electric power grid in response to the energy delivery parameter;

measuring the component of the supplied electric power with the sensors on an interval basis using an energy validation process, and determining the change in energy characteristics between the voltage conservation-voltage-reduction-on state and the conservation-voltage-reduction-off being using a paired comparison, wherein the paired comparison includes a pairing process and the pairing process includes applying at least one filter selected from the group consisting of;

a temperature filter configured to not pair records that are not within a predetermined temperature difference,

a prior time filter configured to not pair records that are not within a predetermined average temperature difference for a predetermined prior time period immediately preceding the time when the records were taken,

a relative humidity filter configured to not pair records that are not within a predetermined humidity difference,

an interval index filter configured to order sub-interval periods by a loading impact of each sub-interval period and to not pair records that are not within a predetermined index offset value,

a MW filter configured to not pair records that not within a predetermined MW difference,

a voltage filter configured to not pair records that not within a predetermined voltage difference,

a linear value correlation filter configured to not pair records that not within a predetermined linear correlation factor, and

an outlier filter configured to exclude paired records greater than a predetermined Median Absolute Deviation (MAD).

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the component of the supplied electric power is voltage.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the modification is conservation voltage reduction (CVR).

25. The method of claim 22, wherein the component of the electric power grid adjusting device comprises:

a load tap change transformer that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point based on a load tap change coefficient;

or a voltage regulator that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point based on the energy delivery parameter.

26. The method of claim 22 wherein the energy characteristic is the conservation voltage reduction factor.

27. The method of claim 22, wherein the energy characteristic is the energy savings.

28. The method of claim 22, wherein the paired comparison includes a pairing process for selecting pairs of data to compare.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the paired comparison includes a paired t measurement.

30. The method of claim 22, wherein the paired comparison comprises an additional process that breaks the paired comparison process into measurements by season and uses linear regression constants to determine the blocks of hours where consistent loads exist and paired t comparisons can be calculated accurately, within predetermined limits.