Touch force deflection sensor

• US 9,851,828 B2
• Filed: 03/15/2013
• Issued: 12/26/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Richards, Peter W., Filiz, Sinan
• Primary Examiner(s): Eisen, Alexander
• Assistant Examiner(s): Yang, Nan-Ying
• Application Number:
  US14/776,610
• Publication Number:
  US 20160034088A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,747 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/14 by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/205 using distributed sensing elements
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/2287 constructional details of the strain gauges adjustable resistors H01C10/00
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04106 Multi-sensing digitiser, i.e. digitiser using at least two different sensing technologies simultaneously or alternatively, e.g. for detecting pen and finger, for saving power or for improving position detection
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04144 using an array of force sensing means position sensing using the local deformation of sensor cells G06F3/0447
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/044 by capacitive means
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0446 using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/045 using resistive elements, e.g. a single continuous surface or two parallel surfaces put in contact
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/04 Texture mapping

Abstract

A touch sensitive input system for an electronic device includes a deflection sensor configured to generate a deflection signal based on deflection of a control or sensing surface, and a processor in signal communication with the deflection sensor. The processor is operable to generate a deflection or displacement map characterizing displacement of the surface based on the deflection signal, and a force map characterizing force on the surface based on a transformation of the displacement map. The transformation may be based on a generalized inverse of a compliance operator, where the compliance operator relates the displacement map to the force map. The compliance operator is not necessarily square, and does not necessarily have a traditional inverse.

Claims

1. A touch sensitive input system for an electronic device, the system comprising:

a deflection sensor disposed with respect to a sensing surface of the electronic device, the deflection sensor configured to generate a deflection signal based on deflection of the sensing surface; and

a processor in signal communication with the deflection sensor, the processor operable to generate a displacement map characterizing a non-binary measurement of deflection of the sensing surface based on the deflection signal, the processor further configured to generate a force map characterizing force on the sensing surface based on a transformation of the displacement map;

wherein

the transformation of the displacement map comprises a generalized inverse of a compliance operator relating the displacement map to the force map; and

the compliance operator comprises rows corresponding to entries in the displacement map and columns corresponding to entries in the force map.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the compliance operator has a rectangular representation, such that the compliance operator has no inverse.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the deflection sensor comprises an array of conductive traces disposed in a generally parallel sense with respect to the sensing surface, the array of conducting traces configured to generate the deflection signal based on capacitive coupling.

4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a position sensor disposed with respect to the sensing surface, the position sensor configured to generate a position signal based on a touch pattern on the sensing surface, wherein the processor is further operable to generate a position map characterizing the touch pattern, based on the position signal.

5. A mobile device comprising the touch sensitive input system of claim 1, wherein the sensing surface comprises a cover glass configured for viewing a touch screen display.

6. A computing device comprising the touch sensitive input system of claim 1, and further comprising a track pad comprising the sensing surface.

7. A method of operating an electronic device, the method comprising:

sensing a deflection of a control surface of the electronic device in response to a touch pattern on the control surface;

generating a displacement map of the control surface, based on a non-binary measurement of the deflection;

defining a transformation relating the displacement map to force imposed on the control surface by the touch pattern; and

generating a force moment map by operation of the transformation on the displacement map;

wherein

the force moment map describes the force imposed on the control surface by the touch pattern; and

the transformation is based on a compliance operator relating the displacement map to force imposed on the control surface, the compliance operator comprising rows corresponding to entries in the displacement map and columns corresponding to entries in the force moment map.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein generating the force moment map comprises transforming the displacement map absent other position data relating to the touch pattern on the control surface, such that the force moment map describes the force imposed on the control surface based only on the deflection, independently of any other such position data.

9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

sensing a position of the touch pattern on the control surface;

determining a centroid of the force moment map based on the position of the touch pattern; and

describing the force imposed on the control surface by the touch pattern, based on the centroid.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the compliance operator has a substantially rectangular representation, such that the compliance operator has no inverse.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein generating the force moment map of the control surface comprises generating a derived output equal to a product of the force imposed on the control surface and a moment.

12. The method of claim 7, further comprising determining the transformation by one or more of finite element analysis, mechanical stress analysis, and physical calibration of the displacement of the control surface by known force and moment inputs.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising storing a transformation operator in the form of a lookup table.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein transforming the displacement map comprises generating a force moment map based on the displacement map and the lookup table, such that the force moment map describes the force imposed on the control surface by the touch pattern.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein transforming the displacement map comprises generating a force moment map based on the displacement map and the lookup table, such that the force moment map describes a force-moment distribution imposed on the control surface by the touch pattern.

16. A non-volatile computer readable storage medium having program code embedded thereon, the program code executable by a processor of an electronic device to perform a method comprising:

sensing a deflection of a surface of the electronic device in response to a touch pattern thereon;

generating a displacement map of the surface, based on a non-binary measurement corresponding to the deflection;

transforming the displacement map into a force moment map via a transformation operator, the transformation operator based on a generalized inverse of a compliance operator relating the displacement map to force imposed on the surface by the touch pattern, the transformation operator comprising rows corresponding to entries in the displacement map and columns corresponding to entries in the force moment map;

determining the force imposed on the surface based on the force moment map; and

controlling operation of the electronic device, based on the force.

17. The storage medium of claim 16, the method further comprising generating a derived output Y related to a force F imposed on the surface and a moment M, such that Y=MF;

wherein the transformation operator J determines the derived output Y according to the displacement map X, such that Y=JX;

wherein the transformation operator J comprises a generalized inverse C⁺ of a compliance operator C relating a displacement map X to the force F imposed on the surface, such that X=CF; and

wherein the transformation operator J further comprises the moment M, such that the force F imposed on the surface, the moment M, and the displacement mapping X are related by the transformation operator J=MC⁺according to MF=MC⁺X.