Surface scattering antennas with lumped elements
First Claim
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1. An antenna, comprising:
- a waveguide;
a plurality of subwavelength radiative elements coupled to the waveguide; and
a plurality of lumped element circuits coupled to the subwavelength radiative elements and configured to adjust radiation characteristics of the subwavelength radiative elements;
wherein the waveguide includes a bounding surface, and the plurality of subwavelength radiative elements includes a plurality of unit cells each containing a conducting patch above the bounding surface and an iris in the bounding surface; and
wherein the lumped circuit elements include, for each of the plurality of unit cells, a two-port element directly connected between the conducting patch and the bounding surface.
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Abstract
Surface scattering antennas with lumped elements provide adjustable radiation fields by adjustably coupling scattering elements along a wave-propagating structure. In some approaches, the surface scattering antenna is a multi-layer printed circuit board assembly, and the lumped elements are surface-mount components placed on an upper surface of the printed circuit board assembly. In some approaches, the scattering elements are adjusted by adjusting bias voltages for the lumped elements. In some approaches, the lumped elements include diodes or transistors.
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Citations
47 Claims
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1. An antenna, comprising:
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a waveguide; a plurality of subwavelength radiative elements coupled to the waveguide; and a plurality of lumped element circuits coupled to the subwavelength radiative elements and configured to adjust radiation characteristics of the subwavelength radiative elements; wherein the waveguide includes a bounding surface, and the plurality of subwavelength radiative elements includes a plurality of unit cells each containing a conducting patch above the bounding surface and an iris in the bounding surface; and wherein the lumped circuit elements include, for each of the plurality of unit cells, a two-port element directly connected between the conducting patch and the bounding surface. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. An electromagnetic apparatus, comprising:
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a wave-propagating structure; a plurality of electromagnetic resonators distributed with subwavelength spacing along a conducting surface of the wave-propagating structure; and for each electromagnetic resonator in the plurality of electromagnetic resonators, one or more lumped elements arranged symmetrically with respect to the electromagnetic resonator; wherein the wave-propagating structure includes a bounding surface, and the plurality of electromagnetic resonators includes a plurality of unit cells each containing a conducting patch above the bounding surface and an iris in the bounding surface; and wherein the one or more lumped elements are directly connected between the conducting patch and the bounding surface. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27)
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28. A method of controlling an antenna having a plurality of unit cells each containing a subwavelength radiator coupled to a waveguide and one or more lumped elements, the method comprising, for each unit cell:
- applying a first voltage difference between first and second terminals of a lumped
element selected from the one or more lumped elements; and
applying a second voltage difference between the first and second terminals of the lumped element selected from the one or more lumped elements;wherein; the waveguide includes a bounding surface; the unit cells each contain a conducting patch above the bounding surface and an iris in the bounding surface; and for each unit cell, the one or more lumped elements are directly connected between the conducting patch and the bounding surface. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47)
- applying a first voltage difference between first and second terminals of a lumped
Specification