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Electrolytes for lithium sulfur cells

  • US 9,859,588 B2
  • Filed: 06/06/2014
  • Issued: 01/02/2018
  • Est. Priority Date: 01/06/2004
  • Status: Active Grant
First Claim
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1. An electrochemical cell comprising:

  • (a) a cathode comprising an electroactive sulfur-containing material;

    (b) an anode comprising a first active anode layer comprising lithium and a multi-layered structure overlying a surface layer of said first anode active layer, wherein said multi-layer structure comprises three or more layers, wherein at least one of said three or more layers comprises a non-electronically conductive single ion conducting layer, wherein at least another one of said three or more layers comprises a polymer layer, and wherein the non-electrically conductive single ion conducting layer and the polymer layer alternate; and

    (c) a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises;

    (i) one or more nonaqueous solvents selected from the group consisting of acyclic ethers, cyclic ethers, polyethers, and sulfones;

    (ii) one or more lithium salts; and

    (iii) 0.02 mol/Kg solvent and about 2 mol/Kg solvent one or more N—

    O additives selected from the group consisting of inorganic nitrates, organic nitrates, inorganic nitrites, organic nitrites, organic nitro compounds, pyridine N-oxide, alkylpyridine N-oxides, and tetramethyl piperidine N-oxyl (TEMPO),wherein the electroactive sulfur-containing material comprises material selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur and organic materials containing both sulfur atoms and carbon atoms and electrochemical activity involves breaking or forming of sulfur-sulfur covalent bonds, andwherein the cell exhibits utilization greater than the utilization of another electrochemical cell comprising the cathode, the anode, and the nonaqueous electrolyte, without the one or more N—

    O additives, andwherein utilization is defined as a percent of elemental sulfur in the cathode that is utilized.

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