Apparatus for controlling power supplied to on-vehicle electrical loads

• US 9,859,709 B2
• Filed: 04/27/2011
• Issued: 01/02/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 04/27/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: DENSO Corporation
• Original Assignee: DENSO Corporation
• Inventors: Sakamoto, Akira, Obayashi, Kazuyoshi
• Primary Examiner(s): Harrington, Michael P
• Application Number:
  US13/095,334
• Publication Number:
  US 20110278920A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,442 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 1/00 Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles circuit arrangements for charging batteries H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/525 Temperature of converter or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/50 by future state prediction
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/54 Energy consumption estimation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/56 Temperature prediction, e.g. for pre-cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/302 Cooling of charging equipment
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/62 in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/64 Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/66 Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/14 The load or loads being home appliances
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/64 The condition being economic, e.g. tariff based load management
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/14 by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/30 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/3225 Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/222 : Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/242 : Home appliances
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 : Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 50/10 : Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid

Abstract

A power control apparatus is applied to a vehicle provided with a receiving port connected with an external power supply device placed outside the vehicle and on-vehicle electrical loads including a second battery which stores power supplied from the external power supply device via the receiving port. The power control apparatus for vehicles has power supply processing means that performs a power supply process for supplying desired power to the loads during a stop of the vehicle. This power supply processing means predicts cost required to supply the desired power, based on future predicted power cost information, in planning a power supply process needed during the stop of the vehicle. This planned power supply process is performed.

Claims

1. A power control system being mounted in a vehicle, the power control system comprising:

a receiving port configured to be electrically connected to an external power supply device placed outside the vehicle;

a secondary battery provided in the vehicle and configured to store therein power supplied from the external power supply device via the receiving port;

a power supply device provided in the vehicle and configured to supply power to on-vehicle electric loads that consume power supplied; and

a controller provided in the vehicle and configured to;

acquire information indicative of future power cost information predicted currently, the future power cost information including information indicative of power cost in a duration of time from a current time instant at which the vehicle is stopped to a time instant at which the vehicle is predicted to start next;

obtain i) an available power amount which is predicted as being available via the receiving port, and ii) both an amount of power consumed by the on-vehicle electric loads and an amount of charging power required to charge the secondary battery; and

plan a power supply process performed during the duration of time, the power supply process including a process of;

i) supplying the electric loads with the consumed amount of power required during the duration of time; and

ii) supplying the secondary battery with the required charging amount of power, the power supply process being planned based on a prediction calculated based on both the future power cost information and the obtained amounts of consumed power and required charging power,

wherein, in planning the power supply process, the controller is configured to;

(i) divide each of the predicted available power amount, the amount of consumed power, and the amount of required charging power into a set of unit power amounts with two-dimensional addresses, a one-dimensional address of the two-dimensional addresses showing time slots provided by dividing the duration of time by a predetermined period of time, wherein

the other dimensional addresses of the set of unit power amounts of the predicated available power amount show an available power amount in each of the time slots, the unit power amounts accompanying cost information based on the future power cost information, and

the one-dimensional addresses of both the set of the amount of consumed power and the set of the amount of required charging power are set to be blanked except for designated time slots corresponding to a drive time of the on-vehicle electric loads;

(ii) first allocate, of the unit power amounts divided from the consumed amount of power, every time slot, the unit power amounts residing in the time slots assigned to the drive time, to the corresponding unit power amounts of the predicted available power amount;

(iii) second allocate, to the remaining unit power amounts of the predicted available power amount, every time slot, the unit power amounts of the consumed amount of power and the unit power amounts of the required charging amount of power such that the remaining unit power amounts of the predicted available power amount are subjected to the allocation in an ascending order of power cost shown by the cost information accompanied by the unit power amounts of the predicted available power amount, the ascending order starting from lower cost of the power to higher cost of the power; and

(iv) activate the power supply device based on the planned power supply process such that the power supply process is performed.

2. The power control system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to estimate the future power cost that includes information indicative of fluctuations in cost of power supplied via the receiving port, the fluctuations being at intervals shorter than one day.

3. The power control system according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle is provided with both an internal combustion engine and a converter for converting rotation energy generated by the engine to electric energy, and

the controller is configured to decide, based on the future power cost information, whether the power to be supplied via the receiving port should be used as the power to be supplied to the on-vehicle electric devices or the rotation energy from the engine, which is converted by the converter, should be used as the power to be supplied to the electric loads.

4. The power control system according to claim 1, wherein the on-vehicle electric devices include a temperature reducing device for reducing a temperature in a vehicle interior of the vehicle,

the vehicle is provided with a power conversion circuit driving a rotary machine provided in the temperature reducing device and having an output to which the receiving port is electrically connected, wherein the power conversion circuit charges the secondary battery with the power supplied from the receiving port,

the power conversion circuit is positioned such that a temperature of the power conversion circuit is possible to be reduced by driving the temperature reducing device, and

the controller is configured to further plan an interruption process to reduce the temperature of the power conversion circuit, the interruption process being performed by driving the temperature reducing device, the interruption process being performed within a duration during which the secondary battery is charged with the power supplied from the receiving port.

5. The power control system according to claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to plan to charge the secondary battery such that energy stored in the secondary battery which is consumed by driving the temperature reducing device is compensated.

6. The power control system according to claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to make an amount of energy that is to be charged into the secondary battery to compensate for driving the temperature reducing device larger with an increase in an amount of energy to be charged into the secondary battery.

7. The power control system according to claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to plan a reduction in interruption intervals at which the power supply process is interrupted to perform the interruption process in cases where the amount of power supplied from the receiving port is made larger in charging the secondary battery.

8. The power control system according to claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to perform the interruption process which is performed by driving the temperature reducing device, regardless of the planned power supply process, in cases where the temperature of the power conversion circuit is over a threshold temperature.

9. The power control system according to claim 1, wherein the on-vehicle electric devices include a temperature adjusting device for adjusting a temperature in a vehicle interior of the vehicle,

the vehicle is provided with a power conversion circuit driving a rotary machine provided in the temperature adjusting device and having an output to which the receiving port is electrically connected, wherein the power conversion circuit charges the secondary battery with the power supplied from the receiving port, and

the controller is configured to further perform a request for ending adjustment of the temperature of the vehicle interior at a specified time instant, set a drive period of the temperature adjusting device, the driving period being according to the request, to a charging prohibiting period of the secondary battery.

10. The power control system according to claim 1, wherein the on-vehicle electric devices include a power conversion circuit charging the secondary battery and a temperature adjusting device for adjusting a temperature in a vehicle interior of the vehicle,

the temperature adjusting device cools down a temperature of the power conversion circuit, and

the controller is configured to plan an interruption process during a period in which the second battery is charged with power supplied from the receiving port, the interruption process reducing the temperature of the power conversion circuit by driving the temperature adjusting device, and charging of the secondary battery such that an amount of energy stored in the secondary battery, which is consumed by driving the temperature adjusting device, is compensated.

11. The power control system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to acquire a charging request for the secondary battery in a period continuing until a start of an upcoming run of the vehicle, and

wherein the controller is configured to plan the power supply process for the vehicle stop based on the charging request.

12. The power control system according to claim 11, wherein

the controller is configured to allow to receive information indicative of a priority of the charging request from outside the system, and

the controller is configured to decide an amount of electric energy to be supplied to the secondary battery based on the priority of the charging request, when there is a request for requesting an amount of electric energy exceeding an amount of electric energy available for the on-vehicle electric devices in the period continuing until the start of the upcoming run of the vehicle.

13. The power control system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to acquire a drive request for on-vehicle electric devices in a period continuing until a start of an upcoming run of the vehicle, the on-vehicle electric devices including the secondary battery, and

wherein the controller is configured to plan the power supply process while the vehicle is stopped, based on the acquired drive request.

14. The power control system according to claim 13, wherein

the controller is configured to receive information indicative of a priority of the drive request, and

the controller is configured to decide an amount of electric energy to be supplied to the on-vehicle electric devices based on the priority of the drive request, when there is a request for requesting an amount of electric energy exceeding an amount of electric energy available for the electric loads in the period continuing until the start of the upcoming run of the vehicle.

15. The power control system according to claim 1, further comprising:

an inputting device configured to input a user'"'"'s request, the user'"'"'s request being at least one of a request for charging the secondary battery and a request for driving the on-vehicle electric devices included in the electric loads, the user'"'"'s request being inputted in a period continuing until a start of an upcoming run of the vehicle; and

an outputting device configured to output to the user information indicative of a limitation of an amount of electric energy to be supplied to the electric loads until the start of the upcoming run of the vehicle, if there is a request for requesting an amount of electric energy exceeding an amount of electric energy available for the electric loads in the period until the start of the upcoming run of the vehicle,

wherein the vehicle is provided with a power conversion circuit driving a rotary machine provided in the temperature adjusting device and having an output to which the receiving port is electrically connected, wherein the power conversion circuit charges the secondary battery with the power supplied from the receiving port.

16. The power control system according to claim 1, wherein the on-vehicle electric devices include a temperature adjusting device adjusting a temperature in a vehicle interior of the vehicle, and

the vehicle is provided with a power conversion circuit driving a rotary machine provided in the temperature adjusting device and having an output to which the receiving port is electrically connected, wherein the power conversion circuit charges the secondary battery with the power supplied from the receiving port,

wherein the power control system further comprises an inputting device configured to input a user'"'"'s request and information indicative of a priority of the user'"'"'s request, the user'"'"'s request being at least one of a request for charging the secondary battery and a request for driving the temperature adjusting device, the user'"'"'s request being inputted in a period continuing until a start of an upcoming run of the vehicle, and

wherein the controller is configured to change at least one of the requests for charging the secondary battery and driving the temperature adjusting device from the beginning depending on the priority, if an amount of energy requested for charging the secondary battery and driving the temperature adjusting device exceeds an amount of electric energy available for the on-vehicle electric devices in a period continuing until a start of an upcoming run of the vehicle.

17. The power control system according to claim 1, wherein the on-vehicle electric loads includes on-vehicle electronic devices, and

the controller is configured to allocate unit power amounts in corresponding time slots among the time slots, regardless of the power cost, to unit power amounts specified among the unit power amounts divided, the specified unit power amounts being for the on-vehicle electronic devices.

18. The power control system according to claim 17, wherein the controller is configured to allocate the divided unit power amounts by:

determining whether or not there is no unit power amount whose cost has not been allocated, among the unit power amounts whose costs are set, after all the divided unit power amounts are allocated to the unit power amounts whose costs are set,

making a comparison between a first cost and a second cost when it is determined that there is present a unit power amount to which the cost has not been allocated, the first cost being required in a situation where the unit power amount with no allocation is used to charge the secondary battery and power charged in the secondary battery is used to supply power whose supply duration is specified, to a corresponding on-vehicle electronic device among the on-vehicle electronic devices in the specified duration, the second cost being required in a situation where the power is supplied to the corresponding on-vehicle electronic device in the specified duration without using the secondary battery, and changing the allocation such that the power charged in the secondary battery is used, when the controller determines that the first cost is lower than the second cost.

19. The power control system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:

determine whether or not the unit power amounts of the predicted available power amount have, every time slot, unit power amounts to which at least one of the unit power amounts of the consumed amount of power and the required charging amount of power is not allocated;

calculate whether or not an alternative battery mounted in the vehicle should supply power to the on-vehicle electric loads instead of supplying the power from the external power supply via the receiving port; and

adjust the allocated unit power amounts of the predicted available power amount depending on the calculation as to whether or not the alternative battery mounted in the vehicle should supply power to the on-vehicle electric loads instead of supplying the power from the external power supply via the receiving port.

20. A method of controlling power transmission in a power control system being mounted in a vehicle, the power control system comprising:

a receiving port configured to be electrically connected to an external power supply device placed outside the vehicle;

a secondary battery provided in the vehicle and configured to capable of storing therein power supplied from the external power supply device via the receiving port;

a power supply device provided in the vehicle and configured to supply power to on-vehicle electric loads which consume power supplied; and

a controller, wherein the method is performed by the controller and comprises, the method comprising steps of;

acquiring information indicative of future power cost information predicted currently, the future power cost information including information indicative of power cost in a duration of time from a current time instant at which the vehicle is stopped to a time instant at which the vehicle is predicted to start next;

obtaining i) an available power amount which is predicted as being available via the receiving port, and ii) both an amount of power consumed by the on-vehicle electric loads and an amount of charging power required to charge the secondary battery; and

planning a power supply process performed during the duration of time the power supply process including a process of;

i) supplying the electric loads with the consumed amount of power required during the duration of time; and

ii) supplying the secondary battery with the required charging amount of power, the power supply process being planned based on a prediction calculated based on both the future power cost information and the obtained amounts of consumed power and required charging power,

wherein the planning step comprises steps of;

(i) dividing each of the predicted available power amount, the amount of consumed power, and the amount of required charging power into a set of unit power amounts with two-dimensional addresses, a one-dimensional address of the two-dimensional addresses showing time slots provided by dividing the duration of time by a predetermined period of time, wherein

the other dimensional addresses of the set of unit power amounts of the predicated available power amount show an available power amount in each of the time slots, the unit power amounts accompanying cost information based on the future power cost information, and

the one-dimensional addresses of both the set of the amount of consumed power and the set of the amount of required charging power are set to be blanked except for designated time slots corresponding to a drive time of the on-vehicle electric loads;

(ii) first allocating, of the unit power amounts divided from the consumed amount of power, every time slot, the unit power amounts residing in the time slots assigned to the drive time, to the corresponding unit power amounts of the predicted available power amount;

(iii) second allocating, to the remaining unit power amounts of the predicted available power amount, every time slot, the unit power amounts of the consumed amount of power and the unit power amounts of the required charging amount of power; and

(iv) activating the power supply device based on the planned power supply process such that the power supply process is performed.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the second allocating step is performed such that the remaining unit power amounts of the predicted available power amount are subjected to the allocation in an ascending order of power cost shown by the cost information accompanied by the unit power amounts of the predicted available power amount, the ascending order starting from lower cost of the power to higher cost of the power.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the planning step further comprises steps of:

determining whether or not the unit power amounts of the predicted available power amount have, every time slot, unit power amounts to which at least one of the unit power amounts of the consumed amount of power and the required charging amount of power is not allocated;

calculating whether or not an alternative battery mounted in the vehicle should supply power to the on-vehicle electric loads instead of supplying the power from the external power supply via the receiving port; and

adjusting the allocated unit power amounts of the predicted available power amount depending on the calculation as to whether or not the alternative battery mounted in the vehicle should supply power to the on-vehicle electric loads instead of supplying the power from the external power supply via the receiving port.