Deformation compensating compliant material

• US 9,863,822 B2
• Filed: 05/26/2015
• Issued: 01/09/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 01/07/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Sauers, Jason C., Chen, Po-Jui, Bushnell, Tyler S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Schmitt, Benjamin
• Application Number:
  US14/721,111
• Publication Number:
  US 20160195441A1
• Time in Patent Office: 959 Days
• Field of Search: 73862621, 73862622, 73862625, 73862626, 73862627, 73862632, 73862633, 73862636, 73862638, 178 1805, 178 1806, 345173
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/142 using capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/26 Auxiliary measures taken, or devices used, in connection with the measurement of force, e.g. for preventing influence of transverse components of force, for preventing overload

Abstract

A force sensor includes compliant material that is configured to stay within a maximum uncompressed dimension in a first direction when compressed in a second direction. The first direction may be perpendicular to the second direction. The compliant material may stay within the maximum uncompressed dimension when compressed by expanding into one or more gaps defined in the compliant material. Such gaps may be defined on an external surface of the compliant material and/or internal to the compliant material. The gaps may be formed using a variety of different processes during or after formation of the compliant material.

Claims

1. A force sensor, comprising:

sensor plates;

a compliant material positioned between the sensor plates that;

defines a first end, a middle, and a second end, such that;

the first end is adjacent one sensor plate;

the second end is adjacent another sensor plate; and

the middle is between the first end and the second end;

defines an external surface extending between the first and the second ends and defining a recessed gap in the compliant material when in an uncompressed state;

has a maximum dimension in a first direction when in the uncompressed state;

varies in shape between the uncompressed state and a compressed state; and

is configured to stay within the maximum dimension when compressed in a second direction;

wherein

the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; and

while the compliant material is in the uncompressed state, a maximum dimension of the middle is smaller than a dimension of the first end and a dimension of the second end, measured along the first direction.

2. The force sensor of claim 1, wherein the compliant material:

expands into the gap when compressed;

or

eliminates the gap.

3. The force sensor of claim 1, wherein a void is defined:

internal to the compliant material.

4. The force sensor of claim 1, wherein a portion of the external surface defining the gap is inwardly curved when the compliant material is in the uncompressed state.

5. The force sensor of claim 1, wherein the compliant material comprises multiple layers, each with a maximum dimension perpendicular to the second direction, arranged in a stepped configuration to define the gap.

6. The force sensor of claim 1, wherein two opposing portions of the external surface defining the gap are inwardly curved when the compliant material is in the uncompressed state.

7. The force sensor of claim 1, wherein the maximum dimension in the first direction in the uncompressed state is located at the first end, the second end, or both.

8. A compressible assembly, comprising:

a force sensor comprising first and second conductive plates;

a compressible material positioned between the conductive plates that;

has a first end adjacent the first conductive plate;

has a second end adjacent the second conductive plate;

has a first side extending from the first end to the second end;

has a second side extending from the first end to the second end;

has a default dimension defined between the sides when the compressible material is uncompressed;

varies in shape between an uncompressed state and a compressed state;

defines at least an edge of at least one perforation extending from the first side to the second side of the compressible material, the at least one perforation defining a void space into which the compressible material enters upon compression; and

expands, from the default dimension, to no greater than a maximum dimension and into the void space when a compressive force is applied to the ends of the compressible material;

wherein a direction of expansion of the compressible material is perpendicular to a plane defined by at least one of the first and second conductive plates.

9. The compressible assembly of claim 8, wherein the force sensor comprises a capacitive force sensor.

10. The compressible assembly of claim 8, wherein the force sensor comprises a resistive force sensor.

11. The compressible assembly of claim 8, wherein the compressible material comprises silicone.

12. The compressible assembly of claim 8, wherein the compressible material comprises foam.

13. The compressible assembly of claim 8, wherein the sides of the compressible material perpendicular to the plane are flat.

14. A method for compensating for deformation in a force sensor, comprising:

assembling the force sensor including sensor plates;

including a compliant material in the force sensor between the sensor plates, the compliant material varying in shape between a compressed state and an uncompressed state, having a maximum dimension in a first direction when in the uncompressed state, defining a first end, a middle and a second end, the first end adjacent one sensor plate, the second end adjacent another sensor plate, and the middle being between the first end and the second end, and defining an external surface extending between the first and the second ends; and

configuring the compliant material to stay within the maximum dimension when compressed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction by defining a recessed gap in the compliant material, the gap defined by the external surface of the compliant material;

wherein

while the compliant material is in the uncompressed state, a maximum dimension of the middle is smaller than a dimension of the first end and a dimension of the second end, measured along the first direction.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein said defining the gap comprises:

compressing the compliant material in the second direction such that a portion of the compliant material expands beyond the maximum dimension; and

removing the portion of the compliant material such that the gap is defined when the compliant material is uncompressed.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein said defining the gap comprises forming the compliant material to include the gap.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein said defining the gap comprises:

forming the compliant material; and

removing a portion of the compliant material to define the gap.

18. The method of claim 14, further comprising incorporating the force sensor into an electronic device wherein the sensor plates contact a housing of the electronic device in the direction perpendicular to compression of the compliant material.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein a portion of the external surface defining the gap is inwardly curved when the compliant material is in the uncompressed state.

20. The method of claim 14, wherein two opposing portions of the external surface defining the gap are inwardly curved when the compliant material is in the uncompressed state.