Measuring concentration of analytes in liquid samples using surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy
First Claim
1. A method of measuring the amount of an analyte in water, the method comprising the steps of,obtaining a sample of water of known volume containing an analyte;
- mixing a known amount of an isotopologue with the sample;
mixing Raman-scattering nanoparticles with the sample;
producing a Raman spectrum of the mixture; and
,performing a ratiometric analysis of peaks or bands within the Raman spectrum corresponding to the analyte and the isotopologue within the Raman spectrum to quantify the analyte,wherein the analyte is a molecular anion and the isotopologue is a molecular anion with all oxygen atoms substituted with 18O,further comprising adding an amine to the mixture and adjusting the pH to 5.0 or less.
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Abstract
A hand-held microfluidic testing device is provided that includes a housing having a cartridge receiving port and a cartridge for input to the cartridge receiving port. An optical detection system in the housing is capable of providing an illuminated electric field useful for Raman spectroscopy. The cartridge may have a sample well. The sample well is loaded with a mixture of water containing the analyte, Raman-scattering nanoparticles and a calibration solution. The calibration solution contains an analog of the analyte differing in its Raman response, for example an isotope of the analyte. Optionally, a chemical compound capable of increasing interaction between the analyte and the nanoparticles may be added.
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Citations
29 Claims
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1. A method of measuring the amount of an analyte in water, the method comprising the steps of,
obtaining a sample of water of known volume containing an analyte; -
mixing a known amount of an isotopologue with the sample; mixing Raman-scattering nanoparticles with the sample; producing a Raman spectrum of the mixture; and
,performing a ratiometric analysis of peaks or bands within the Raman spectrum corresponding to the analyte and the isotopologue within the Raman spectrum to quantify the analyte, wherein the analyte is a molecular anion and the isotopologue is a molecular anion with all oxygen atoms substituted with 18O, further comprising adding an amine to the mixture and adjusting the pH to 5.0 or less. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3)
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4. A method of measuring the amount of an analyte in water, the method comprising the steps of:
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obtaining a sample of water of known volume containing an analyte; mixing a known amount of an isotopologue with the sample; mixing Raman-scattering nanoparticles with the sample; producing a Raman spectrum of the mixture; and
,performing a ratiometric analysis of peaks or bands within the Raman spectrum corresponding to the analyte and the isotopologue within the Raman spectrum to quantify the analyte, wherein the analyte is perchlorate or chromate and the isotopologue is a heavy-oxygen isotopologue of perchlorate, further comprising adding a thiol compound to the mixture and adjusting the pH of the mixture to 1.8-3.0.
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5. A method of measuring the amount of an analyte in water, the method comprising the steps of:
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obtaining a sample of water of known volume containing an analyte; mixing a known amount of an isotopologue with the sample; mixing Raman-scattering nanoparticles with the sample; producing a Raman spectrum of the mixture; and
,performing a ratiometric analysis of peaks or bands within the Raman spectrum corresponding to the analyte and the isotopologue within the Raman spectrum to quantify the analyte, wherein the analyte is monoethanolamine and the isotopologue is a monoethanolamine isotopologue of with one or more hydrogen atoms replaced with deuterium. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16)
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6. A method of measuring the amount of an analyte in water, the method comprising the steps of:
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obtaining a sample of water of known volume containing an analyte; mixing a known amount of an isotopologue with the sample; mixing Raman-scattering nanoparticles with the sample; producing a Raman spectrum of the mixture; and
,performing a ratiometric analysis of peaks or bands within the Raman spectrum corresponding to the analyte and the isotopologue within the Raman spectrum to quantify the analyte, wherein the analyte is methylamine and the isotopologue is methylamine-d3. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18)
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7. A method of measuring the amount of an analyte in water, the method comprising the steps of:
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obtaining a sample of water of known volume containing an analyte; mixing a known amount of an isotopologue with the sample; mixing Raman-scattering nanoparticles with the sample; producing a Raman spectrum of the mixture; and
,performing a ratiometric analysis of peaks or bands within the Raman spectrum corresponding to the analyte and the isotopologue within the Raman spectrum to quantify the analyte, wherein the analyte is diethanolamine and the isotopologue is diethanolamine-d8. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20)
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8. A method of measuring the amount of an analyte in water, the method comprising the steps of:
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obtaining a sample of water of known volume containing an analyte; mixing a known amount of an isotopologue with the sample; mixing Raman-scattering nanoparticles with the sample; producing a Raman spectrum of the mixture; and
,performing a ratiometric analysis of peaks or bands within the Raman spectrum corresponding to the analyte and the isotopologue within the Raman spectrum to quantify the analyte, wherein the analyte is a triazine-based compound, and the isotopologue is ethanolamine-d4 or a triazine isotopologue. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23)
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9. A method of measuring the amount of analytes in water, the method comprising the steps of:
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obtaining a sample of water of known volume containing the analytes; mixing known amounts of isotopologues with the sample; mixing Raman-scattering nanoparticles with the sample; producing a Raman spectrum of the mixture; and
,performing a ratiometric analysis of peaks or bands within the Raman spectrum corresponding to the analytes and the isotopologues within the Raman spectrum to quantify the analytes, wherein the analytes are ethanolamine and methylamine and the isotopolgues are ethanolamine-d4 and methylamine-d3. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25)
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10. A method of measuring the amount of an analyte in water, the method comprising the steps of:
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obtaining a sample of water of known volume containing a gem-halogenated compound; reacting the gem-halogenated compound with pyridine or a pyridine derivative; mixing a known amount of an isotopologue of an amine with the reaction product; mixing Raman-scattering nanoparticles with the reaction product; producing a Raman spectrum of the mixture; and
,performing a ratiometric analysis of peaks or bands within the Raman spectrum corresponding to the compound or second compound or both and the isotopologue within the Raman spectrum to quantify the gem-halogenated compound. - View Dependent Claims (11, 26, 27, 28)
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12. A method of measuring the amount of an analyte in water, the method comprising the steps of:
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obtaining a sample of water of known volume containing an aldehyde; reacting the aldehyde with cysteamine or cystamine to create a thiazolidine; mixing a known amount of an isotopologue of an amine with the reaction product; mixing Raman-scattering nanoparticles with the reaction product; producing a Raman spectrum of the mixture; and
,performing a ratiometric analysis of peaks or bands within the Raman spectrum corresponding to the thiazolidine and the isotopologue within the Raman spectrum to quantify the analyte. - View Dependent Claims (13, 29)
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Specification