Method and system for reporting faults and control in an electrical power grid

• US 9,866,012 B2
• Filed: 04/30/2015
• Issued: 01/09/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 05/02/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Maple Microsystems Inc.
• Original Assignee: Maple Microsystems Inc.
• Inventors: Hosny, Mohamed Samy, Goharis, Peter
• Primary Examiner(s): Kitov, Zeev V
• Application Number:
  US14/701,409
• Publication Number:
  US 20150318686A1
• Time in Patent Office: 985 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 21/00 Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor G01R7/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 7/22 for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices detecting mechanical or electrical defects in gas-insulated switchgears H02B13/065
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 7/262 involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 72/0446 Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 74/04 Scheduled access hybrid access H04W74/02
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Abstract

A system and method for reporting and control in an electrical power distribution grid including a plurality of sensor devices forming a sensor network are disclosed. Each sensor device monitors and measures attributes of line current for an associated electrical power distribution line at a selected location. Control sensor devices will have control capabilities in addition to its monitoring and measurement capabilities. The sensor devices can detect a fault in a branch of the power grid and send control and fault detected messages to an adjacent upstream sensor on a wireless network comprising a plurality of contention access and contention free time slots wherein a number of the contention free time slots is equal to or greater than a number of sensors in the plurality of sensors.

Claims

1. A method for reporting a fault and control in an electrical power grid, comprising:

in a branch of the electrical power grid;

detecting a fault by one of a plurality of sensors on the branch of the power grid;

sending a fault detected message to an adjacent upstream sensor on a wireless network comprising a plurality of contention access time slots within a contention access period and contention free time slots within a contention free period wherein a number of the contention free time slots is equal to or greater than a number of sensors in the plurality of sensors;

allocating a respective contention free time slot to each sensor in the wireless network for sending sensor monitoring data in non-fault conditions;

assigning sensors in the network for performing control functions; and

sending a sleep command to an adjacent downstream sensor on a contention access time slot of the wireless network in a fault condition.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising arranging the plurality of sensors according to a cluster tree network topology.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:

at a control sensor in the wireless network;

forcing a plurality of automatic switches upstream of the fault to open; and

receiving a command on a contention access time slot of the wireless network from head end control sensor for reclosing the plurality of automatic switches upstream of the fault.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein the sending the fault detected message to an adjacent upstream sensor on the contention access period, further comprises:

provided the one of the plurality of sensors is the adjacent upstream sensor;

relaying data from an adjacent downstream sensor to a collector device on the contention access period;

sending data from the adjacent upstream sensor upstream to the collector device on the contention access period; and

putting the one of the plurality of sensors in a sleep mode; and

otherwise,

relaying data from the adjacent downstream sensor to the collector device;

waiting for the data from the adjacent upstream sensor; and

relaying the data from the adjacent upstream sensor to the collector device.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein the sending the fault detected message to an adjacent upstream sensor further comprises:

provided the one of the plurality of sensors is a control sensor having a switch,

opening the switch; and

otherwise,

waiting for data from an adjacent downstream sensor.

6. The method of claim 2 wherein the sending the fault detected message to the adjacent upstream sensor further comprises:

provided the one of the plurality of sensors is not an adjacent upstream control sensor from the fault, closing a switch, and putting the one of the plurality of sensors in a sleep mode.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein subsets of the contention free time slots are allocated into frames.

9. The method of claim 1 further comprising initializing each of the plurality of sensors comprising loading each of the plurality of sensors with information regarding adjacent sensors.

10. The method of claim 9 further comprising adding another sensor to the plurality of sensors comprising loading the another sensor with information regarding adjacent sensors.

7. A method for reporting a fault and control in an electrical power grid, comprising:

in a branch of the electrical power grid;

detecting a fault by one of a plurality of sensors on the branch of the power grid;

sending a fault detected message to an adjacent upstream sensor on a wireless network comprising a plurality of contention access within a contention access period and contention free time slots within a contention free period wherein a number of the contention free time slots is equal to or greater than a number of sensors in the plurality of sensors;

allocating a respective contention free time slot to each sensor in the wireless network for sending sensor monitoring data in non-fault conditions; and

assigning sensors in the network for performing control functions;

the method further comprising;

determining if the one of the plurality of sensors is upstream from the fault;

provided the one of the plurality of sensors is upstream from the fault,

sending the fault detected message to an adjacent upstream sensor on the wireless network; and

otherwise,

sending a sleep command to an adjacent downstream sensor on the wireless network from the one of the plurality of sensors.

11. A system for reporting a fault and control in an electrical power grid, comprising:

a plurality of sensors on the electrical power grid, each sensor including a processor and a memory having computer readable instructions stored thereon, causing the processor to;

detect a fault by one of a plurality of sensors on a branch of the power grid;

send a fault detected message to an adjacent upstream sensor on a wireless network comprising a plurality of contention access time slots within a contention access period and contention free time slots within a contention free period wherein a number of the contention free time slots is equal to or greater than a number of sensors in the plurality of sensors;

allocate a respective contention free time slot to each sensor in the wireless network for sending sensor monitoring data in non-fault conditions;

assign sensors in the network for performing control functions; and

send a sleep command to an adjacent downstream sensor on a contention access time slot of the wireless network.

12. The system of claim 11 wherein the plurality of sensors is arranged according to a cluster tree network topology.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein the computer readable instructions further cause the processor to:

at a control sensor in the wireless network;

force a plurality of automatic switches upstream of the fault to open; and

receive a command on a contention access time slot of the wireless network from head end control sensor to reclose the plurality of automatic switches upstream of the fault.

14. The system of claim 12 wherein the computer readable instructions causing the processor to send the fault detected message to an adjacent upstream sensor further cause the processor to:

provided the one of the plurality of sensors is an adjacent upstream sensor,

relay data from an adjacent downstream sensor to a collector device on the contention access period;

send data from the adjacent upstream sensor upstream to the collector device on the contention access period; and

put the one of the plurality of sensors in a sleep mode; and

otherwise,

relay the data from the adjacent downstream sensor to the collector device;

wait for the data from the adjacent upstream sensor; and

relay the data from adjacent upstream sensor to the collector device.

15. The system of claim 12 wherein the computer readable instructions causing the processor to send the fault detected message to the adjacent upstream sensor further cause the processor to:

provided the one of the plurality of sensors is a control sensor having a switch,

open the switch; and

otherwise,

wait for data from the adjacent downstream sensor.

16. The system of claim 12 wherein the computer readable instructions causing the processor to send the fault detected message to the adjacent upstream sensor further cause the processor to:

provided the one of the plurality of sensors is not an adjacent upstream control sensor from the fault, closing a switch, put the one of the plurality of sensors in a sleep mode.

18. The system of claim 12 wherein subsets of the contention free time slots are allocated into frames.

19. The system of claim 12 wherein the computer readable instructions further cause the processor to:

initialize each of the plurality of sensors comprising loading each of the plurality of sensors with of information regarding adjacent sensors.

20. The system of claim 19 wherein the computer readable instructions further cause the processor to:

add another sensor to the plurality of sensors comprising loading the another sensor with information regarding adjacent sensors.

17. A system for reporting a fault and control in an electrical power grid, comprising:

a plurality of sensors on the electrical power grid, each sensor including a processor and a memory having computer readable instructions stored thereon, causing the processor to;

detect a fault by one of a plurality of sensors on a branch of the power grid;

send a fault detected message to an adjacent upstream sensor on a wireless network comprising a plurality of contention access time slots within a contention access period and contention free time slots within a contention free period wherein a number of the contention free time slots is equal to or greater than a number of sensors in the plurality of sensors;

allocate a respective contention free time slot to each sensor in the wireless network for sending sensor monitoring data in non-fault conditions;

assign sensors in the network for performing control functions;

determine if the one of the plurality of sensors is upstream from the fault;

provided the one of the plurality of sensors is upstream from the fault,

send the fault detected message to the adjacent upstream sensor on the wireless network; and

otherwise,

send a sleep command to an adjacent downstream sensor on the wireless network from the one of the plurality of sensors.