Refrigeration system with superheating, sub-cooling and refrigerant charge level control

• US 9,874,384 B2
• Filed: 01/13/2016
• Issued: 01/23/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 01/13/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Bergstrom Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Bergstrom Incorporated
• Inventors: Connell, Brett S., Sullivan, Aaron D., Herrmann, Brett J., Zeigler, Terry
• Primary Examiner(s): DUKE, EMMANUEL E
• Application Number:
  US14/995,119
• Publication Number:
  US 20170198953A1
• Time in Patent Office: 741 Days
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 13/00 Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle defrosting cycles F25B47/02
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2339/0441 containing a drier or a filter
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2345/00 Details for charging or discharging refrigerants; Service stations therefor
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2345/001 Charging refrigerant to a cycle
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2345/003 Control issues for charging or collecting refrigerant to or from a cycle
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2345/006 characterised by charging or discharging valves
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2400/16 Receivers
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2500/24 Low amount of refrigerant in the system
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2600/05 Refrigerant levels
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2700/04 Refrigerant level
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2700/1933 Suction pressures
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2700/195 of the condenser
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2700/2108 of a receiver
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2700/2111 of a heat storage receiver
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2700/2113 of a suction accumulator
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 40/02 Subcoolers
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 40/06 Superheaters
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 43/003 Filters
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 43/006 Accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 45/00 Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 49/02 : for compression type machines, plants or systems

Abstract

The refrigeration system includes a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, one or both of a receiver drier unit and an accumulator unit fluidly connected by refrigerant lines to form a refrigerant circuit. The receiver drier unit includes a receiver drier and a first sensor, and the accumulator unit includes an accumulator and a second sensor. A controller is electrically connected to the first and second sensors and in some cases electrically connected to an electrical valve. The electrical valve is fluidly connected to a refrigerant reservoir. The controller determines the refrigerant charge level, and selectively controls the electrical valve to allow the refrigerant to flow from the refrigerant reservoir to the refrigerant circuit when the refrigerant charge level is below the predetermined refrigerant charge level.

Claims

1. A refrigeration system, comprising:

a compressor to compress a refrigerant;

a condenser disposed downstream of the compressor to condense the refrigerant;

an evaporator disposed downstream of the condenser to vaporize the refrigerant;

refrigerant lines fluidly connecting the compressor, the condenser and the evaporator in series to form a refrigerant circuit for circulating the refrigerant;

an assembly disposed in the refrigerant circuit and comprising one or more of the following;

a receiver drier unit disposed between the condenser and the evaporator; and

an accumulator unit disposed between the evaporator and the compressor;

wherein the receiver drier unit comprises;

a receiver drier configured to perform one or more of the following;

temporarily store the refrigerant; and

absorb moisture from the refrigerant; and

a first sensor installed at the receiver drier to measure temperature and pressure of the refrigerant after it has passed through the condenser;

wherein the accumulator unit comprises;

an accumulator configured to restrict liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor; and

a second sensor installed at the accumulator to measure temperature and pressure of the refrigerant after it has passed through the evaporator; and

a controller electrically connected to the assembly and configured to perform one or more of the following;

determine a sub-cooling level based on the temperature and pressure measured by the first sensor;

determine a super-heating level based on the temperature and pressure measured by the second sensor; and

determine a refrigerant charge level based at least in part on the determined sub-cooling level or the determined super-heating level.

2. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the assembly further comprises an electronic valve fluidly connected to a refrigerant reservoir, wherein:

the electronic valve is installed at the receiver drier or at the accumulator; and

the electronic valve is selectively operated to allow flow of the refrigerant from the refrigerant reservoir to the refrigerant circuit, wherein the flow is driven by pressure difference between the refrigerant reservoir and the receiver drier or between the refrigerant reservoir and the accumulator, thereby maintaining the refrigerant charge level above a predetermined refrigerant charge level.

3. The refrigeration system of claim 1, further comprising:

an electronic valve fluidly connected to the refrigerant circuit and a refrigerant reservoir, wherein the controller controls the electronic valve to be selectively opened or closed in accordance with the determined refrigerant charge level, thereby allowing flow of the refrigerant from the refrigerant reservoir to the refrigerant circuit when the determined refrigerant charge level is below a predetermined refrigerant charge level.

4. The refrigeration system of claim 3, wherein the electronic valve is integrated into the receiver drier unit or the accumulator unit.

5. The refrigeration system of claim 3, wherein the electronic valve is coupled to the refrigerant circuit at a location other than the receiver drier unit or the accumulator unit.

6. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the first sensor is a temperature and pressure transducer installed at any one of an inlet, an outlet and an inside of the receiver drier.

7. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the first sensor includes a first temperature sensor and a first pressure sensor.

8. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the second sensor is a temperature and pressure transducer installed at any one of an inlet, an outlet and an inside of the accumulator.

9. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the second sensor includes a second temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor.

10. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the controller is mounted at the receiver drier or the accumulator.

11. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the sub-cooling level is determined using a look-up table in accordance with the temperature and pressure measured by the first sensor.

12. The refrigeration system of claim 11, wherein the look-up table is stored in a memory associated with the controller.

13. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the super-heating level is determined using a look-up table in accordance with the temperature and pressure measured by the second sensor.

14. The refrigeration system of claim 13, wherein the look-up table is stored in a memory associated the controller.

15. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the controller predicts whether and when a failure, in which the refrigerant charge level is below a predetermined refrigerant level, is likely to occur by extrapolating the determined refrigerant charge levels over time.

16. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the controller predicts whether and when a failure, in which the refrigerant charge level is below a predetermined refrigerant level, is likely to occur based on one or more of the following:

a trend of the determined refrigerant charge levels over time, exterior temperature, interior temperature and humidity.

17. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the controller predicts how long the refrigerant will last based on one or more of the determined sub-cooling levels over time and the determined super-heating levels over time.

18. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the controller performs one or more of the following:

calculating a compression ratio of the compressor;

determining whether a blockage occurs in the refrigerant circuit based on the calculated compression ratio; and

determining a location of the blockage, if a blockage has occurred, based at least in part on the determined sub-cooling level and the determined super-heating level.

19. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the controller determines whether a blockage occurs in the refrigerant circuit based at least in part on the determined sub-cooling level or the determined super-heating level, and determines a location of the blockage if it is determined that a blockage has occurred.

20. The refrigeration system of claim 19, wherein the controller outputs a signal to request maintenance if it is determined that a blockage has occurred.

21. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the controller is electrically connected to the compressor, counts clutch cycles of the compressor and predicts clutch life of the compressor based on one or more of the following:

the clutch cycles, clutch temperature and current.

22. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the controller is electrically or wirelessly coupled to an electronic device and outputs one or more of the sub-cooling level, the super-heating level and the refrigerant charge level.

23. The refrigeration system of claim 22, wherein the electronic device is a display, a receiver, a smartphone or a computer.

24. The refrigeration system of claim 22, wherein the electronic device is located remotely from the refrigeration system.

25. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the controller is electrically or wirelessly coupled to an electronic device and outputs a warning signal if one or more of the following occur:

the determined sub-cooling level is outside of a predetermined sub-cooling range, the determined super-heating level is outside of a predetermined super-heating range, the determined refrigerant charge level is below a predetermined refrigerant charge level, and a cooling efficiency of the refrigeration system is below a predetermined cooling efficiency.

26. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the controller electrically or wirelessly coupled to an electronic device and outputs a warning signal if one or more of the following occur:

the determined sub-cooling level is outside of a predetermined sub-cooling range for a first predetermined period of time, the determined super-heating level is outside of a predetermined super-heating range for a second predetermined period of time, the refrigerant charge level is below a predetermined refrigerant charge level for a third predetermined period of time.

27. The refrigeration system of claim 1, further comprising:

a first air blower electrically coupled to the controller, positioned proximate the condenser and configured to blow ambient air or air from an air intake of the engine over the condenser, wherein the controller controls a speed of the first air blower based at least in part on one or more of the following;

the temperature measured by the first sensor, the pressure measured by the first sensor, the temperature measured by the second sensor, and/or the pressure measured by the second sensor.

28. The refrigeration system of claim 1, further comprising:

a metering device disposed upstream of the evaporator and configured for controlling flow of the refrigerant into the evaporator.

29. The refrigeration system of claim 28, wherein the metering device is a thermal expansion valve or a capillary tube.

30. The refrigeration system of claim 1, further comprising:

a flow control valve disposed upstream of the compressor and configured to selectively restrict or permit flow of the refrigerant to the compressor.

31. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the refrigeration system is installed in a vehicle, and the compressor is configured to be driven by an internal combustion engine of the vehicle.

32. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the compressor is an electrically driven compressor.

33. The refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the refrigeration system is installed in a vehicle for cooling a compartment of the vehicle.

34. A refrigeration system, comprising:

a compressor to compress a refrigerant;

a condenser disposed downstream of the compressor to condense the refrigerant;

a receiver drier unit disposed downstream of the condenser, the receiver drier unit comprising;

a receiver drier configured to perform one or more of the following;

temporarily store the refrigerant, and absorb moisture from the refrigerant; and

a first sensor installed at the receiver drier to measure temperature and pressure of the refrigerant after it has passed through the condenser;

an evaporator disposed downstream of the receiver drier unit to vaporize the refrigerant;

an accumulator unit disposed downstream of the evaporator, the accumulator unit comprising;

an accumulator configured to restrict liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor; and

a second sensor installed at the accumulator to measure temperature and pressure of the refrigerant after it has passed through the evaporator;

refrigerant lines fluidly connecting the compressor, the condenser, the receiver drier unit, the evaporator and the accumulator unit in series to form a refrigerant circuit to circulate the refrigerant; and

a controller electrically connected to the first and second sensors and configured to determine one or more of the following;

a sub-cooling level based on the temperature and pressure measured by the first sensor;

a super-heating level based on the temperature and pressure measured by the second sensor; and

a refrigerant charge level based at least in part on the determined sub-cooling level or the determined super-heating level.

35. A method for controlling a refrigeration system, wherein the refrigeration system comprises a first sensor for measuring temperature and pressure of a refrigerant after it has passed through a condenser, a second sensor for measuring temperature and pressure of the refrigerant after it has passed through an evaporator, and an electronic valve fluidly connected to a refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration system and a refrigerant reservoir, the method comprising:

(a) obtaining a refrigerant sub-cooling level based on the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant measured by the first sensor, and a refrigerant super-heating level based on the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant measured by the second sensor;

(b) calculating a refrigerant charge level based at least in part on the refrigerant sub-cooling level and the refrigerant super-heating level;

(c) determining whether the refrigerant charge level is below a predetermined refrigerant charge level; and

(d) selectively controlling the electronic valve, if it is determined that the refrigerant charge level is below the predetermined refrigerant charge level, to allow flow of the refrigerant from the refrigerant reservoir to the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration system, thereby raising the refrigerant charge level to above the predetermined refrigerant charge level.

36. The method of claim 35, further comprising:

predicting whether and when a failure, in which the refrigerant charge level is below a predetermined refrigerant level, is likely to occur by extrapolating the determined refrigerant charge levels over time.

37. The method of claim 35, further comprising:

predicting whether and when a failure, in which the refrigerant charge level is below a predetermined refrigerant level, is likely to occur based on one or more of the following;

a trend of the determined refrigerant charge levels over time, exterior temperature, interior temperature and humidity.

38. The method of claim 35, further comprising:

predicting how long the refrigerant will last based at least in part on one or more of the determined sub-cooling levels over time and the determined super-heating levels over time.

39. The method of claim 35, further comprising:

calculating a compression ratio of a compressor of the refrigeration system and comparing the compression ratio of the compressor with a specific compression ratio for a given condition;

determining that a blockage occurs in the refrigerant circuit if the calculated compression ratio of the compressor exceeds the specific compression ratio; and

determining a location of the blockage based on the sub-cooling level and the super-heating level if a blockage has occurred.

40. The method of claim 35, further comprising:

calculating a compression ratio of a compressor of the refrigeration system and comparing the compression ratio of the compressor with a specific compression ratio for a given condition;

determining that a blockage occurs in the refrigerant circuit if the calculated compression ratio of the compressor exceeds the specific compression ratio; and

outputting a signal to request maintenance if it is determined that a blockage has occurred.

41. The method of claim 35, further comprising:

counting clutch cycles of a compressor of the refrigeration system; and

predicting clutch life of the compressor based on one or more of the following;

the clutch cycles, clutch temperature and current.

42. The method of claim 35, further comprising:

determining one or more of the following;

whether the refrigerant sub-cooling level is outside of a predetermined refrigerant sub-cooling range, and whether the refrigerant super-heating level is outside of a predetermined refrigerant super-heating range; and

outputs a warning signal if one or more of the following occur;

the determined sub-cooling level is outside of the predetermined sub-cooling range, the determined super-heating level is outside of the predetermined super-heating range, the determined refrigerant charge level is below the predetermined refrigerant charge level.

43. The method of claim 35, further comprising:

determining one or more of the following;

whether the refrigerant sub-cooling level is outside of a predetermined refrigerant sub-cooling range, whether the refrigerant super-heating level is outside of a predetermined refrigerant super-heating range, and whether the determined refrigerant charge level is below the predetermined refrigerant charge level for a third predetermined period of time; and

outputs a warning signal if one or more of the following occur;

the refrigerant sub-cooling level is outside of the predetermined refrigerant sub-cooling range for a first predetermined period of time, the refrigerant super-heating level is outside of the predetermined refrigerant super-heating range for a second predetermined period of time, and the determined refrigerant charge level is below the predetermined refrigerant charge level for a third predetermined period of time.

44. The method of claim 35, wherein the refrigerant sub-cooling level is obtained using a look-up table based on the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant measured by the first sensor.

45. The method of claim 35, wherein the refrigerant super-heating level is obtained using a look-up table based on the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant measured by the second sensor.

46. The method of claim 35, wherein the first sensor is installed at the drier/receiver and the second sensor is installed at the accumulator.

47. The method of claim 35, wherein the electronic valve is installed at the drier/receiver or the accumulator.

48. A method for controlling a refrigeration system, wherein the refrigeration system comprises a condenser disposed downstream of the compressor, an evaporator disposed downstream of the condenser, and refrigerant lines fluidly connecting the compressor, the condenser and the evaporator in series to form a refrigerant circuit to circulate the refrigerant, the method comprising:

(a) installing a receiver drier unit in the refrigerant circuit between the condenser and the evaporator, wherein the receiver drier unit comprises a receiver drier and a first sensor installed at the receiver drier to measure temperature and pressure of the refrigerant after it has passed through the condenser;

(b) installing an accumulator unit in the refrigerant circuit between the evaporator and the compressor, wherein the accumulator unit comprises an accumulator and a second sensor installed at the accumulator to measure temperature and pressure of the refrigerant after it has passed through the evaporator;

(c) obtaining a refrigerant sub-cooling level based on the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant measured by the first sensor, and a refrigerant super-heating level based on the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant measured by the second sensor;

(d) calculating a refrigerant charge level based at least in part on the refrigerant sub-cooling level and the refrigerant super-heating level; and

(e) determining one or more of the following;

whether the refrigerant sub-cooling level is within a predetermined refrigerant sub-cooling range;

whether the refrigerant super-heating level is within a predetermined refrigerant super-heating range; and

whether the refrigerant charge level is below a predetermined refrigerant charge level.

49. A method for controlling a refrigeration system, wherein the refrigeration system comprises a condenser disposed downstream of the compressor, a receiver drier disposed downstream of the condenser, an evaporator disposed downstream of the receiver drier, an accumulator disposed downstream of the evaporator, and refrigerant lines fluidly connecting the compressor, the condenser, the receiver drier, the evaporator and the accumulator in series to form a refrigerant circuit to circulate the refrigerant, the method comprising:

(a) installing a first sensor at the receiver drier to measure temperature and pressure of the refrigerant after it has passed through the condenser;

(b) installing a second sensor at the accumulator to measure temperature and pressure of the refrigerant after it has passed through the evaporator;

(c) installing an electronic valve in the refrigerant circuit, wherein the electronic valve is fluidly connected to a refrigerant reservoir;

(d) obtaining a refrigerant sub-cooling level based on the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant measured by the first sensor, and a refrigerant super-heating level based on the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant measured by the second sensor;

(e) calculating a refrigerant charge level based at least in part on the refrigerant sub-cooling level and the refrigerant super-heating level;

(f) determining whether the refrigerant charge level is below a predetermined refrigerant charge level; and

(g) selectively controlling the electronic valve, if it is determined that the refrigerant charge level is below the predetermined refrigerant charge level, to allow flow of the refrigerant from the refrigerant reservoir to the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration system, thereby raising the refrigerant charge level to above the predetermined refrigerant charge level.