Methods for generating pH/ionic concentration gradient near electrode surfaces for modulating biomolecular interactions
First Claim
1. A method comprising:
- a. adding an electrochemically active agent which is a quinone derivative onto a support of a biosensor; and
b. adding an analyte that, in dependence upon a change of a redox state of the quinone derivative, interacts with a probe on the support, wherein an electrode of the support is configured to cause the change in the redox state of the quinone derivative.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Device and methods for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device and methods being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest by modulating the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. An electrochemically active agent that is suitable for use in biological buffers for changing the pH of the biological buffers. Method for changing the pH of biological buffers using the electrochemically active agents. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provided in a biosensor, analytic methods for more accurately controlling and measuring the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor, and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample.
35 Citations
37 Claims
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1. A method comprising:
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a. adding an electrochemically active agent which is a quinone derivative onto a support of a biosensor; and b. adding an analyte that, in dependence upon a change of a redox state of the quinone derivative, interacts with a probe on the support, wherein an electrode of the support is configured to cause the change in the redox state of the quinone derivative. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4)
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5. A method comprising:
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a. providing a biosensor comprising a support in an aqueous solution, wherein; i. the support comprising one or more electrodes, and a biomolecule interface layer having one or more immobilized probes thereon; and ii. the aqueous solution comprising a quinone derivative; b. adding a biomolecule analyte to the aqueous solution; c. reacting the quinone derivative using the one or more electrodes to produce an amount of H+ ions and/or an amount of OH−
ions, wherein the pH of the aqueous solution close to the one or more electrodes is controlled by the amount of H+ ions and/or the amount of OH−
ions produced; andd. collecting signals from the biosensor. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. A biosensor system comprising:
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a. a support that includes an electrode; b. a material on the support; c. an electrochemically active agent in an aqueous solution, wherein the electrode is configured to control a change of a redox state of the electrochemically active agent, and the material provides an indication of the change of the redox state.
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19. A biosensor system comprising:
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a. a support that includes an electrode; b. a probe on the support; c. an electrochemically active agent which is a quinone derivative; and d. an analyte that interacts with the probe on the support in dependence upon a change of a redox state of the quinone derivative, wherein the electrode is configured to control the change of the redox state of the quinone derivative. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. A biosensor comprising a support in a solution, wherein:
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a. the solution comprises a quinone derivative; b. the support comprises one or more electrodes and a biomolecule interface layer having one or more immobilized probes thereon; and c. the biosensor is configured to modify the pH of the solution near the one or more electrodes by electrochemically oxidizing or reducing the quinone derivative to produce H+ ions or OH−
ions. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37)
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Specification