Modular inductive power transfer power supply and method of operation

• US 9,876,535 B2
• Filed: 02/21/2013
• Issued: 01/23/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 02/21/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: WiTricity Corporation
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Keeling, Nicholas A, Kissin, Michael, Beaver, Jonathan
• Primary Examiner(s): BARNIE, REXFORD N
• Assistant Examiner(s): Willoughby, Terrence
• Application Number:
  US13/773,474
• Publication Number:
  US 20140232197A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,797 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/00 Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells B60L58/00
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/04 Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions protective devices and circuit arrangements in general H01H; H02H
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/66 Arrangements of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/12 Inductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/305 Communication interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/34 Plug-like or socket-like devices specially adapted for contactless inductive charging of electric vehicles positioning means for charging devices using inductive energy transfer B60L53/38
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/36 by positioning the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/38 specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/402 the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/60 responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/70 involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/90 involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00034 Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0077 Plural converter units whose outputs are connected in series
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1584 with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/79 for data transfer in combination with power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for connecting and operating an AC source to a load. In one aspect a power supply topology is provided which may be of particular use in the area of wireless power transfer. The topology allows for multiple sources to be operatively connected to a single conductive structure configured to generate a field, maintaining overall system power while lowering the power output of each source.

Claims

1. A wireless power transmitter, comprising:

a conductive structure configured to generate a field;

a plurality of capacitors operatively connected to the conductive structure; and

a plurality of modules coupled to the plurality of capacitors, each module of the plurality of modules corresponds to a different capacitor of the plurality of capacitors and comprises a source, an inductor, and a transformer positioned between the source and the corresponding capacitor, wherein, for each module, the transformer is configured to couple an output of the source to the corresponding capacitor.

2. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein an electrical characteristic of each capacitor of the plurality of capacitors is based on at least an impedance of the conductive structure and a number of capacitors in the plurality of capacitors.

3. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein the plurality of capacitors maintain a tuning of the transmitter at a resonant frequency.

4. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein the plurality of capacitors are connected in parallel with the conductive structure.

5. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein each module of the plurality of modules is operatively connected to the different capacitor of the plurality of capacitors via the inductor of the module and the transformer of the module.

6. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein, for each module of the plurality of modules, the transformer is operatively connected between the capacitor of the plurality of capacitors and the inductor of the module.

7. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein at least one module of the plurality of modules forms a removable module.

8. The wireless power transmitter of claim 7, wherein the removable module may be removed while the transmitter is transmitting power.

9. The wireless power transmitter of claim 7, wherein the transmitter remains tuned without regard to whether any modules are removed.

10. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein the transmitter remains tuned without regard to a number of the sources that are enabled.

11. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, further comprising a controller configured to monitor a parameter and determine a status of each module of the plurality of modules.

12. The wireless power transmitter of claim 11, wherein a module of the plurality of modules is operatively disconnected subsequent to the controller detecting a fault.

13. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein each module of the plurality of modules comprises a common center tap.

14. The wireless power transmitter of claim 13, wherein each source of the plurality of modules is powered by a common DC bus.

15. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, wherein a disabled module of the plurality of modules is enabled upon the controller detecting an increased load.

16. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of controllers, each associated with a module of the plurality of modules and an electrical circuit of the plurality of electrical circuits, each controller configured to monitor a parameter of and to determine a status of the associated module and capacitor.

17. The wireless power transmitter of claim 16, wherein the plurality of controllers communicate via a communications link.

18. A method of wirelessly transmitting power, comprising:

providing a current in a conductive structure connected to a plurality of capacitors via a plurality of modules, each module of the plurality of modules comprising a source, an inductor, and a transformer positioned between the source and a corresponding capacitor, wherein, for each module, the corresponding capacitor is a different capacitor of the plurality of capacitors;

generating a magnetic field via the conductive structure; and

for at least one module of the plurality of modules, operatively disconnecting the source from the conductive structure.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the current remains substantially constant upon operatively disconnecting the source of fewer than all of the plurality of modules.

20. A wireless power transmitter, comprising:

multiple means for providing power;

means for generating a magnetic field operatively connected to multiple means for storing charge; and

multiple means for connecting the multiple providing means to the generating means via the multiple storing means, each connecting means of the multiple connecting means corresponding to a different storing means of the multiple storing means positioned between the generating means and the connecting means, each providing means of the multiple providing means to contribute to a current in the generating means, the multiple connecting means comprising means for operatively disconnecting at least one providing means of the multiple providing means or at least one connecting means of the multiple connecting means from the generating means while continuing to provide the current in the generating means.

21. The wireless power transmitter of claim 20, wherein the current remains substantially constant upon disconnection of fewer than all of the multiple providing means or fewer than all of the multiple connecting means.