Methods and apparatus for sensing the internal temperature of an electrochemical device
First Claim
1. A method of estimating the internal temperature of an electrochemical device, said method comprising:
- (a) exciting said electrochemical device with a driving profile;
(b) acquiring voltage and current data from said electrochemical device, in response to said driving profile;
(c) calculating an impulse response from said current and voltage data and time derivatives thereof, using a recursive or matrix-based technique;
(d) calculating an impedance spectrum of said electrochemical device from said impulse response using an impulse response model;
(e) calculating a state-of-charge of said electrochemical device;
(f) estimating an internal temperature of said electrochemical device based on a temperature-impedance-state-of-charge relationship characterizing said electrochemical device; and
(g) managing said electrochemical device by adjusting electrical current and/or voltage to or from said electrochemical device in response to said internal temperature.
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Abstract
The internal temperature of an electrochemical device may be probed without a thermocouple, infrared detector, or other auxiliary device to measure temperature. Some methods include exciting an electrochemical device with a driving profile; acquiring voltage and current data from the electrochemical device, in response to the driving profile; calculating an impulse response from the current and voltage data; calculating an impedance spectrum of the electrochemical device from the impulse response; calculating a state-of-charge of the electrochemical device; and then estimating internal temperature of the electrochemical device based on a temperature-impedance-state-of-charge relationship. The electrochemical device may be a battery, fuel cell, electrolytic cell, or capacitor, for example. The procedure is useful for on-line applications which benefit from real-time temperature sensing capabilities during operations. These methods may be readily implemented as part of a device management and safety system.
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Citations
24 Claims
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1. A method of estimating the internal temperature of an electrochemical device, said method comprising:
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(a) exciting said electrochemical device with a driving profile; (b) acquiring voltage and current data from said electrochemical device, in response to said driving profile; (c) calculating an impulse response from said current and voltage data and time derivatives thereof, using a recursive or matrix-based technique; (d) calculating an impedance spectrum of said electrochemical device from said impulse response using an impulse response model; (e) calculating a state-of-charge of said electrochemical device; (f) estimating an internal temperature of said electrochemical device based on a temperature-impedance-state-of-charge relationship characterizing said electrochemical device; and (g) managing said electrochemical device by adjusting electrical current and/or voltage to or from said electrochemical device in response to said internal temperature. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A temperature-sensing apparatus for estimating the internal temperature of an electrochemical device, wherein said temperature-sensing apparatus is a temperature safety device within a temperature range selected from −
- 30°
C. to 120°
C., and wherein said apparatus comprises a computer that is electrically linkable to said electrochemical device;
said computer programmed using non-transitory memory with executable code for executing the steps of;(a) exciting said electrochemical device with a driving profile; (b) acquiring voltage and current data from said electrochemical device, in response to said driving profile; (c) calculating an impulse response from said current and voltage data and time derivatives thereof, using a recursive or matrix-based technique; (d) calculating an impedance spectrum of said electrochemical device from said impulse response using an impulse response model; (e) calculating a state-of-charge of said electrochemical device; (f) estimating an internal temperature of said electrochemical device based on a temperature-impedance-state-of-charge relationship characterizing said electrochemical device; and (g) managing said electrochemical device by adjusting electrical current and/or voltage to or from said electrochemical device in response to said internal temperature. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)
- 30°
Specification