For hybrid super-capacitor / battery systems in pulsed power applications
First Claim
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1. A system comprising:
- a hybrid super-capacitor/battery system comprising a super-capacitor unit comprising one or more super-capacitors and a battery unit connected to a load, said battery unit comprising one or more battery cells rated at a battery output voltage;
a DC/DC converter connected to said super-capacitor unit and said battery unit, said DC/DC converter allowing charging and discharging of said super-capacitors; and
a power control system configured to reduce stresses and energy losses in said battery unit and provide improved charge-capacity and energy capacity, said power control system connected to said DC/DC converter, said power control system comprising an inner voltage control loop comprising a voltage controller and an outer current control loop comprising a current controller, said inner voltage control loop providing control of a load voltage to maintain a value of said load voltage within a predetermined range and regulating said value of load voltage to equal the battery output voltage, said outer current control loop providing said value to said inner voltage control loop and controlling a current of said battery unit to a predetermined set-point based on required operating conditions, said set point allowing output of said battery unit to be load-leveled and to allow said super-capacitor unit to provide a pulsed power needed by said load.
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Abstract
A hybrid super-capacitor/battery system is disclosed (particularly under high pulsed power and low temperature conditions) which allows an existing battery system to ride through transient loading and provide excellent energy density and power density under practical loading conditions.
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Citations
23 Claims
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1. A system comprising:
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a hybrid super-capacitor/battery system comprising a super-capacitor unit comprising one or more super-capacitors and a battery unit connected to a load, said battery unit comprising one or more battery cells rated at a battery output voltage; a DC/DC converter connected to said super-capacitor unit and said battery unit, said DC/DC converter allowing charging and discharging of said super-capacitors; and a power control system configured to reduce stresses and energy losses in said battery unit and provide improved charge-capacity and energy capacity, said power control system connected to said DC/DC converter, said power control system comprising an inner voltage control loop comprising a voltage controller and an outer current control loop comprising a current controller, said inner voltage control loop providing control of a load voltage to maintain a value of said load voltage within a predetermined range and regulating said value of load voltage to equal the battery output voltage, said outer current control loop providing said value to said inner voltage control loop and controlling a current of said battery unit to a predetermined set-point based on required operating conditions, said set point allowing output of said battery unit to be load-leveled and to allow said super-capacitor unit to provide a pulsed power needed by said load. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A system comprising:
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a hybrid super-capacitor/battery system comprising a super-capacitor unit comprising one or more super-capacitors and a battery unit connected to a load, said battery unit rated at a battery output voltage and comprising one or more battery cells, said super-capacitor supplying providing high-power short-duration pulses and said battery unit supplying overall average power and energy demand of a load; a DC/DC converter connected to said super-capacitor unit and said battery unit, said DC/DC converter allowing charging and discharging of said super-capacitors; a power control system configured to reduce stresses and energy losses in said battery unit and provide improved charge-capacity and energy capacity, said power control system connected to said DC/DC converter, said power control system comprising an inner voltage control loop comprising a voltage controller and an outer current control loop comprising a current controller, said inner voltage control loop providing control of a load voltage to maintain a value of said load voltage within a predetermined range and regulating said value of load voltage to equal the battery output voltage, said outer current control loop providing said value to inner voltage control loop and controlling a current of said battery unit to a predetermined set-point based on required operating conditions, said set point allowing output of said battery unit to be load-leveled and to allow said super-capacitor unit to provide a pulsed power needed by said load; and a switch controller having a pulse width modulation (PWM) generator that receives from said voltage controller a duty cycle, D[n], where D[n] is used by said PWM generator to generate a switch control signal, s(t), where s(t) is used by said PWM generator to drive a plurality of switches in order to control a system duty cycle, where driving said switches to increasing said system duty cycle results in a buck operation configured to charge said super-capacitors, and where driving said switches to decrease said system duty cycle results in a boost operation configured to relieve load of said battery unit. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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Specification