Power factor adjustment in multi-phase power system

• US 9,882,507 B2
• Filed: 09/05/2013
• Issued: 01/30/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 04/16/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: SolarCity Corporation (Tesla Inc.)
• Original Assignee: SolarCity Corporation (Tesla Inc.)
• Inventors: Garrity, Paul, Jungreis, Aaron M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kessie, Daniel
• Application Number:
  US14/019,470
• Publication Number:
  US 20140306543A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,608 Days
• Field of Search: 307 82
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/18 Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks for adjustment of voltage H02J3/16
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/38 Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/44 by static converters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/30 Reactive power compensation

Abstract

A multi-phase power generation system for renewable energy, in which reactive elements (i.e., capacitors and/or inductors) can be selectively switched in and out in order to meet a particular power factor requirement, is provided. Each phase of the multi-phase power system receives generated powers from a set of inverters, and each phase has a set of switch reactive elements for making power factor adjustments to the power generated by the set of inverters. The power outputs of the set of inverters belonging to a particular phase are combined into a one combined ac power output, and the power factor adjustment for that particular phase is performed on the combined power output by the set of the switch reactive elements of that particular phase. In some embodiments, at least some of the inverters are micro-inverters that convert DC power from one or two solar panels to AC power.

Claims

1. A multi-phase power generation system comprising:

a first set of inverters for converting DC power into AC power for a first phase of the multi-phase power generation system;

a first AC current combiner that combines power outputs from the first set of inverters into a first combined AC power output for the first phase of the multi-phase power generation system;

a first reactive power compensator comprising a first set of reactive elements, each reactive element of the first set of reactive elements switchable to be connected to the first combined AC power output for performing power factor adjustment for the first phase of the multi-phase power generation system;

a second set of inverters for converting DC power into AC power for a second phase of the multi-phase power generation system;

a second AC current combiner that combines power outputs from the second set of inverters into a second combined AC power output for the second phase of the multi-phase power generation system;

a second reactive power compensator comprising a second set of reactive elements, each reactive element of the second set of reactive elements switchable to be connected to the second combined AC power output for performing power factor adjustment for the second phase of the multi-phase power generation system; and

a system controller for balancing the AC power output between at least the first and the second phases of the multi-phase power generation system and for;

(1) selecting each reactive element of the first set of reactive elements to be connected to the first combined AC power output for the first phase by determining a difference between a displacement power factor of the first phase and a required power factor for the first phase, wherein the displacement power factor is computed from current and voltage measurements from the first combined AC power output; and

(2) selecting each reactive element of the second set of reactive elements to be connected to the second combined AC power output for the second phase by determining a difference between a displacement power factor of the second phase and a required power factor for the second phase, wherein the displacement power factor is computed from current and voltage measurements from the second combined AC power output.

2. The multi-phase power generation system of claim 1, wherein the first set of reactive elements comprises a plurality of capacitors and a plurality of inductors.

3. The multi-phase power generation system of claim 1, wherein each inverter of the first set of inverters is a micro-inverter for converting DC power from photovoltaic (PV) cells from one solar panel.

4. The multi-phase power generation system of claim 1, wherein each inverter of the first set of inverters includes switchable reactive elements for jointly performing the power factor adjustment.

5. The multi-phase power generation system of claim 1, wherein the power factor adjustment for the first phase is based on a power output of the first phase after the system controller has balanced the power output between at least the first and the second phases of the multi-phase power generation system.

6. The multi-phase power generation system of claim 1, wherein the power factor adjustment for the first phase is based on a required power factor for the first phase at a power level ratio computed from a power output level of the first phase relative to a rated maximum power output for the first phase.

7. The multi-phase power generation system of claim 6, wherein the first combined AC power output for the first phase is based on power output levels collected from the first set of inverters that produce AC power for the first phase.

8. The multi-phase power generation system of claim 1, wherein the first reactive power compensator comprises a micro-controller for generating a set of switch drives for the first set of reactive elements.

9. The multi-phase power generation system of claim 8, wherein the micro-controller of the first reactive power compensator is in a communications network with the first set of inverters.

10. The multi-phase power generation system of claim 9, wherein the communications network comprises a gateway controller for monitoring and controlling the multi-phase power generation system.

11. The multi-phase power generation system of claim 10, wherein the gateway controller balances the AC power outputs of the at least the first and the second phase of the multi-phase power generation system.

12. A method of compensating reactive power by a multi-phase power generation system, the method comprising:

combining AC power outputs generated by a first set of inverters for a first phase of the multi-phase power generation system into a first combined AC power output;

receiving a first current measurement and a first voltage measurement for the first combined AC power output that is being injected into a grid mains;

selecting a first reactive element from a first set of reactive elements to be switched on in parallel with the first combined AC power output based on the first current measurement and the first voltage measurement;

combining AC power outputs generated by a second set of inverters for a second phase of the multi-phase power generation system into a second combined AC power output;

receiving a second current measurement and a second voltage measurement for the second combined AC power output that is being injected into a grid mains;

selecting a second reactive element from a second set of reactive elements to be switched on in parallel with the second combined AC power output based on the second current measurement and the second voltage measurement;

balancing the first combined AC power output for the first phase with the combined AC power outputs from the second phase of the multi-phase power generation system by controlling the AC power outputs of the first set of inverters and the second set of inverters;

wherein the selecting the first reactive element comprises determining a difference between a first displacement power factor of the first phase and a first required power factor for the first phase, and wherein the first displacement power factor is computed from the first current measurement and the first voltage measurement; and

wherein the selecting the second reactive element comprises determining a difference between a second displacement power factor of the second phase and a second required power factor for the second phase, and wherein the second displacement power factor is computed from the second current measurement and the second voltage measurement.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the set of reactive elements comprises a plurality of capacitors and a plurality of inductors.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein each inverter of the first set of inverters is a micro-inverter for converting DC power from photovoltaic (PV) cells from one solar panel.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the selecting of the reactive element is further based on a power output level of the first phase after the balancing.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein the selecting of the reactive element comprises computing a power level ratio based on a power output level of the first phase relative to a rated maximum power output for the first phase.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein computing the power output level of the first phase comprises collecting power output levels from inverters that produce the AC power for the first phase.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the selecting of the reactive element further comprises determining a required power factor at the computed power level ratio.