Near-infrared lasers for non-invasive monitoring of glucose, ketones, HbA1C, and other blood constituents
DC CAFCFirst Claim
1. A wearable device, comprising:
- a measurement device including a light source comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) for measuring one or more physiological parameters, the measurement device configured to generate, by modulating at least one of the LEDs having an initial light intensity, an input optical beam having one or more optical wavelengths, wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers;
the measurement device comprising one or more lenses configured to receive and to deliver a portion of the input optical beam to tissue, wherein the tissue reflects at least a portion of the input optical beam delivered to the tissue;
the measurement device further comprising a receiver, wherein the receiver includes a plurality of spatially separated detectors, the detectors configured to;
capture light while the LEDs are off and convert the captured light into a first signal; and
capture light while at least one of the LEDs is on and convert the captured light into a second signal, the captured light including at least a portion of the input optical beam reflected from the tissue;
wherein at least one analog to digital converter is coupled to the spatially separated detectors and is configured to generate at least a first data signal from the first signal and at least a second data signal from the second signal;
the measurement device configured to improve a signal-to-noise ratio of the input optical beam reflected from the tissue by differencing the first data signal and the second data signal to generate an output signal representing at least in part a non-invasive measurement on blood contained within the tissue; and
wherein the modulating at least one of the LEDs has a modulation frequency, and wherein the receiver is configured to use a lock-in technique that detects the modulation frequency.
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Abstract
A wearable device for use with a smart phone or tablet includes a measurement device having a light source with a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) for measuring physiological parameters and configured to generate an optical beam with wavelengths including a near-infrared wavelength between 700 and 2500 nanometers. The measurement device includes lenses configured to deliver the optical beam to a sample of skin or tissue, which reflects the optical beam to a receiver located a first distance from one of the LEDs and a different distance from another of the LEDs, and is also configured to generate an output signal representing a non-invasive measurement on blood contained within the sample. The wearable device is configured to communicate with the smart phone or tablet, which receives, processes, stores and displays the output signal with the processed output signal configured to be transmitted over a wireless transmission link.
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Citations
18 Claims
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1. A wearable device, comprising:
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a measurement device including a light source comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) for measuring one or more physiological parameters, the measurement device configured to generate, by modulating at least one of the LEDs having an initial light intensity, an input optical beam having one or more optical wavelengths, wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers; the measurement device comprising one or more lenses configured to receive and to deliver a portion of the input optical beam to tissue, wherein the tissue reflects at least a portion of the input optical beam delivered to the tissue; the measurement device further comprising a receiver, wherein the receiver includes a plurality of spatially separated detectors, the detectors configured to; capture light while the LEDs are off and convert the captured light into a first signal; and capture light while at least one of the LEDs is on and convert the captured light into a second signal, the captured light including at least a portion of the input optical beam reflected from the tissue; wherein at least one analog to digital converter is coupled to the spatially separated detectors and is configured to generate at least a first data signal from the first signal and at least a second data signal from the second signal; the measurement device configured to improve a signal-to-noise ratio of the input optical beam reflected from the tissue by differencing the first data signal and the second data signal to generate an output signal representing at least in part a non-invasive measurement on blood contained within the tissue; and wherein the modulating at least one of the LEDs has a modulation frequency, and wherein the receiver is configured to use a lock-in technique that detects the modulation frequency. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. A method of measuring physiological information, the method comprising providing a wearable device, the wearable device being capable of performing all of the steps comprising:
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generating a first and a second input optical beam each having one or more optical wavelengths using a light source comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) by modulating at least one of the LEDs, wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers; delivering a portion of the first input optical beam and a portion of the second input optical beam to tissue using one or more lenses; capturing light using at least one of a plurality of spatially separated detectors of a receiver while the LEDs are off and converting the light into a first data signal using at least one analog to digital converter coupled to the spatially separated detectors; capturing light using at least one of the plurality of spatially separated detectors of the receiver while the at least one of the LEDs is on and converting the captured light into a second data signal using the at least one analog to digital converter, the captured light including at least a portion of the first input optical beam reflected from the tissue and at least a portion of the second input optical beam reflected from the tissue; increasing a signal-to-noise ratio of the first and second input optical beams reflected from the tissue by differencing the first data signal and the second data signal; and generating an output signal representing at least in part a non-invasive measurement on blood contained within the tissue based at least in part on the first data signal and the second data signal; wherein the modulating at least one of the LEDs has a modulation frequency, and wherein the receiver is configured to use a lock-in technique that detects the modulation frequency. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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Specification