Branch energy management for multiple EVSEs

• US 9,889,760 B2
• Filed: 12/06/2013
• Issued: 02/13/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 12/06/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Schneider Electric USA, Inc. (Schneider Electric SE)
• Original Assignee: Schneider Electric USA, Inc. (Schneider Electric SE)
• Inventors: Jefferies, Kevin M., Edwards, Benjamin W., White, Matthew L., Filippenko, Konstantin A., Weiler, Richard K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Diao, M'Baye
• Application Number:
  US15/034,196
• Publication Number:
  US 20160280092A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,530 Days
• Field of Search: 320109
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/00 Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/63 in response to network capacity
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/64 Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/06312 Adjustment or analysis of established resource schedule, e.g. resource or task levelling, or dynamic rescheduling
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007 Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Abstract

A distributed energy management method and system 100 are disclosed for managing a charge rate of an array of EVSEs 140 that share a common power source. In the disclosed method and system, control of the power sharing is distributed at the individual EVSE level. For example, each EVSE includes a communication device 540 and a controller 530. The communication device is used to receive a signal relating to a present current capacity utilization of the shared circuit, such as an indication of availability or unavailability of current capacity on the shared circuit. The controller is configured to generate a variable update interval, and initiate adjustment of the charge rate of the EVSE according to the variable update interval based on the present current capacity utilization as indicated by the received signal.

Claims

1. A distributed energy management system for managing a charge rate of an array of electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) which are supplied power from a common power source through a shared circuit, comprising:

a capacity evaluator located remotely from each of the EVSEs in the array, the capacity evaluator comprising;

a sensor for measuring a current at a branch origin of the shared circuit, the current reflecting the current drawn by all loads including the array of EVSEs on the shared circuit,

a threshold comparator for comparing the measured current to a capacity utilization threshold for the shared circuit to determine a present current capacity utilization of the shared circuit, and

a communication device for transmitting a signal relating to the present current capacity utilization; and

the array of EVSEs on the shared circuit, each of the EVSEs comprising;

a communication device for receiving the signal from the capacity evaluator, and

a controller configured to;

generate a variable update interval, and

initiate adjustment of the charge rate of the EVSE according to the variable update interval based on the present current capacity utilization of the shared circuit.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller initiates adjustment of the charge rate after a variable delay defined by the generated variable update interval.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the present current capacity utilization reflects an availability or unavailability of current capacity on the shared circuit.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the capacity evaluator further comprises:

a site current sensor for measuring a site current at a location upstream of the branch origin, the site current reflecting a total current drawn by all loads at a site that includes a plurality of branch circuits, one of the branch circuits including the shared circuit through which power is supplied to the array of EVSEs,

wherein the threshold comparator comprises;

a first comparator configured to perform a first comparison between the measured current at the branch origin and a capacity threshold for the shared circuit to determine an availability or unavailability of current capacity of the shared circuit; and

a second comparator configured to perform a second comparison between the site current and a current capacity utilization threshold for the site to determine an availability or unavailability of current capacity of the site; and

a logic circuit configured to output the present current capacity utilization based on the output from the first and second comparators.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein, to initiate adjustment, the controller is configured to:

determine whether to increase or decrease the charge rate of the EVSE based on the present current capacity utilization of the shared circuit and one of a charge rate priority of the EVSE, a present charge rate of the EVSE in relation to an initial charge rate of the EVSE, a present charging duration of the EVSE or an amount of energy already drawn by the EVSE; and

initiate increase or decrease of the charge rate of the EVSE according to the determination.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein to determine, the controller is configured to adjust a probability on whether to increase or decrease the charge rate of the EVSE according to one of a charge rate priority of the EVSE, a present charge rate of the EVSE in relation to an initial charge rate of the EVSE, a present charging duration of the EVSE or an amount of energy already drawn by the EVSE.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein to adjust, the controller is configured:

to generate a random value to compare against a probability for increasing or decreasing a charge rate;

to determine the probability of increasing or decreasing the charge rate, the probability being weighted according to one of a charge rate priority of the EVSE, a present charge rate of the EVSE in relation to an initial charge rate of the EVSE, a present charging duration of the EVSE or an amount of energy already drawn by the EVSE; and

to compare the random value to the probability to determine whether the probability has been satisfied to increase or decrease the charge rate of the EVSE.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein to initiate, the controller is configured to control an Electric Vehicle (EV) to adjust the charge rate of a battery of the EV via a control pilot signal.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to repeat generating and initiating operations until a charging session is completed or terminated.

10. An electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) for managing a charge rate at which power is supplied to charge a battery of an electric vehicle (EV), comprising:

a communication device configured to receive a signal relating to a present current capacity utilization of a shared circuit that is configured to provide power to a plurality of loads including the EVSE and an other EVSE; and

a controller configured to;

generate a variable update interval; and

initiate adjustment of the charge rate of the EVSE according to the variable update interval based on the present current capacity utilization of the circuit.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the controller initiates adjustment of the charge rate after a variable delay defined by the generated variable update interval.

12. The EVSE of claim 10, wherein the charge rate of the EVSE is increased if the signal indicates available current capacity on the shared circuit or is decreased if the signal indicates unavailable current capacity on the shared circuit.

13. The EVSE of claim 10, wherein, to initiate adjustment, the controller is configured:

to determine whether to increase or decrease the charge rate of the EVSE based on the present current capacity utilization of the shared circuit and one of a charge rate priority of the EVSE, a present charge rate of the EVSE in relation to an initial charge rate of the EVSE, a present charging duration of the EVSE or an amount of energy already drawn by the EVSE; and

to initiate increase or decrease of the charge rate of the EVSE according to the determination.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein to determine, the controller is configured to adjust a probability on whether to increase or decrease the charge rate of the EVSE according to one of a charge rate priority of the EVSE, a present charge rate of the EVSE in relation to an initial charge rate of the EVSE, a present charging duration of the EVSE or an amount of energy already drawn by the EVSE.

15. The EVSE of claim 14, wherein to adjust, the controller is configured:

to generate a random value to compare against a probability for increasing or decreasing a charge rate;

to determine the probability of increasing or decreasing the charge rate, the probability being weighted according to one of a charge rate priority of the EVSE, a present charge rate of the EVSE in relation to an initial charge rate of the EVSE, a present charging duration of the EVSE or an amount of energy already drawn by the EVSE; and

to compare the random value to the probability to determine whether the probability has been satisfied to increase or decrease the charge rate of the EVSE.

16. The EVSE of claim 10, wherein to initiate, the controller is configured to control an Electric Vehicle (EV) to adjust the charge rate of a battery of the EV via a control pilot signal.

17. The EVSE of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to repeat generating and initiating operations until a charging session is completed or terminated.

18. The EVSE of claim 10, wherein, to initiate adjustment, the controller is configured to determine whether to increase or decrease the charge rate of the EVSE based on the present current capacity utilization of the shared circuit and a probability curve of an adjustment parameter.