Switching converter with smart frequency generator and control method thereof

• US 9,891,648 B2
• Filed: 12/17/2015
• Issued: 02/13/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 12/30/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Chengdu Monolithic Power Systems Company Limited (Monolithic Power Systems Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Chengdu Monolithic Power Systems Company Limited (Monolithic Power Systems Incorporated)
• Inventors: Li, Lei
• Primary Examiner(s): Berhane, Adolf
• Assistant Examiner(s): Quddus, Nusrat
• Application Number:
  US14/973,556
• Publication Number:
  US 20160187914A1
• Time in Patent Office: 789 Days
• Field of Search: 323282-286, 323351
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 3/26 Current mirrors
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0009 Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/14 Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators

Abstract

A control method of a switching converter, wherein the switching converter has a main transistor and is configured to provide an output signal. The control method includes: generating a feedback signal indicative of the output signal of the switching converter; generating a clock signal to determine the switching frequency of the main transistor; generating a control signal to control the main transistor based on the clock signal and the feedback signal; and detecting whether the on-time of the main transistor is smaller than a time threshold based on the control signal. If the on-time of the main transistor is smaller than the time threshold, the frequency of the clock signal will be adjusted to regulate the on-time of the main transistor to be equal to the time threshold.

Claims

1. A switching converter, comprising:

a switching circuit having a main transistor, wherein the switching circuit is configured to convert an input voltage into an output voltage;

a feedback circuit coupled to the switching circuit, wherein the feedback circuit is configured to generate a feedback signal indicative of the output voltage;

a current sensing circuit configured to sense the current flowing through the main transistor and generate a current sensing signal;

a clock generator configured to generate a clock signal;

an error amplifying circuit coupled to the feedback circuit, wherein based on the difference between a first reference voltage and the feedback signal, the error amplifying circuit generates a compensation signal;

a comparing circuit coupled to the current sensing circuit and the error amplifying circuit, wherein the comparing circuit compares the current sensing signal with the compensation signal and generates a reset signal; and

a control circuit coupled to the clock generator and the comparing circuit, wherein based on the clock signal and the reset signal, the control circuit generates a control signal to control the main transistor;

wherein

the clock generator is coupled to the control circuit to receive the control signal and detect whether the on-time of the main transistor is smaller than a time threshold based on the control signal, and wherein if the on-time of the main transistor is smaller than the time threshold, the clock generator will adjust the frequency of the clock signal to regulate the on-time of the main transistor to be equal to the time threshold.

2. The switching converter of claim 1, wherein the clock generator adjusts the frequency of the clock signal only when the on-time of the main transistor is smaller than the time threshold in a plurality of successive switching cycles.

3. The switching converter of claim 1, wherein the clock generator comprises:

a first current control circuit having an input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the input terminal is coupled to the control circuit to receive the control signal, and wherein based on the control signal, the first current control circuit detects whether the on-time of the main transistor is smaller than the time threshold, and generates a first current control signal at the output terminal;

a first controllable current source having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a power supply voltage, the control terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the first current control circuit;

a frequency setting circuit configured to provide a setting current;

a first current mirror including a first transistor and a second transistor, wherein the first current mirror has a power supply terminal, a first terminal and a second terminal, and wherein the power supply terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage, the first terminal is coupled to the frequency setting circuit and the second terminal of the first controllable current source;

a first capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the first current mirror, the second terminal is coupled to a reference ground;

a fourth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the first capacitor, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground;

a comparator having a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the first input terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the first capacitor, the second input terminal is configured to receive a threshold voltage; and

a first one-shot circuit having an input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the input terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the comparator, the output terminal is coupled to the control terminal of the fourth transistor and is configured to provide the clock signal.

4. The switching converter of claim 3, wherein the frequency setting circuit comprises:

a third transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the first controllable current source and the first terminal of the first current mirror;

an operational amplifier having a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the first input terminal is configured to receive a second reference voltage, the second input terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the third transistor, the output terminal is coupled to the control terminal of the third transistor; and

a first resistor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the third transistor, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground.

5. The switching converter of claim 3, wherein the first current control circuit comprises:

a second one-shot circuit having an input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the input terminal is coupled to the control circuit to receive the control signal;

a flip-flop having a clock input terminal, a data input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the clock input terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the second one-shot circuit, the data input terminal is coupled to the control circuit to receive the control signal, the output terminal is configured to provide an on-time detection signal;

a logic circuit having an input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, wherein the input terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the flip-flop, and wherein based on the on-time detection signal, the logic circuit generates a first logic signal and a second logic signal respectively at the first output terminal and the second output terminal;

a first current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage;

a fifth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the first current source, the control terminal is coupled to the first output terminal of the logic circuit to receive the first logic signal;

a sixth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the fifth transistor, the control terminal is coupled to the second output terminal of the logic circuit to receive the second logic signal;

a second current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the sixth transistor, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground; and

a second capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the fifth transistor and the first terminal of the sixth transistor, and is configured to provide the first current control signal, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground.

6. The switching converter of claim 3, wherein the first controllable current source comprises:

a seventh transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the control terminal is coupled to the first current control circuit to receive the first current control signal;

a second resistor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the seventh transistor;

a third current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the second resistor, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground; and

a second current mirror including an eighth transistor and a ninth transistor, wherein the second current mirror has a power supply terminal, a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the power supply terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage, the first terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the seventh transistor, the second terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the first current mirror.

7. The switching converter of claim 5, wherein the first current control circuit further comprises:

a fourth current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage;

a tenth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage, the second terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the second capacitor, the control terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the fourth current source;

an eleventh transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the control terminal of the tenth transistor, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground, the control terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the second capacitor;

a multi detection circuit coupled to the output terminal of the flip-flop, wherein based on the on-time detection signal, the multi detection circuit determines whether the on-time of the main transistor is smaller than the time threshold in a plurality of successive switching cycles, and generates a multi detection signal; and

a twelfth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the control terminal of the tenth transistor, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground, and the control terminal is coupled to the multi detection circuit to receive the multi detection signal.

8. The switching converter of claim 3, wherein the first current control circuit comprises:

a thirteenth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage, the control terminal is coupled to the control terminals of the first transistor and the second transistor;

a fourteenth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the thirteenth transistor;

a fifteenth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the fourteenth transistor, the control terminal is coupled to the control circuit to receive the control signal;

a fifth current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the fifteenth transistor, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground; and

a third capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the fourteenth transistor and the first terminal of the fifteenth transistor, and is configured to provide the first current control signal, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground.

9. The switching converter of claim 3, wherein the clock generator further comprises:

a second current control circuit configured to detect whether the switching converter works under a light load condition and generate a second current control signal; and

a second controllable current source having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage, the second terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the first current mirror, the control terminal is coupled to the second current control circuit to receive the second current control signal.

10. The switching converter of claim 3, wherein the clock generator further comprises:

a third controllable current source having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage, the control terminal is coupled to the error amplifying circuit to receive the compensation signal;

a sixteenth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground;

a seventeenth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal and the control terminal are coupled to the second terminal of the third controllable current source;

an eighteenth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the first current mirror, the second terminal is coupled to the frequency setting circuit, the control terminal is coupled to the control terminal of the seventeenth transistor;

a nineteenth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage, the second terminal is coupled to the frequency setting circuit, the control terminal is coupled to the control terminal of the sixteenth transistor; and

a sixth current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminals of the sixteenth transistor and the seventeenth transistor, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground.

11. A controller used in a switching converter, wherein the switching converter has a main transistor and is configured to provide an output signal, the controller comprises:

a clock generator configured to generate a clock signal to determine the switching frequency of the main transistor; and

a control circuit coupled to the clock generator, wherein based on the clock signal and a feedback signal indicative of the output signal of the switching converter, the control circuit generates a control signal to control the main transistor;

wherein

if the on-time of the main transistor is smaller than a time threshold, the clock generator will adjust the frequency of the clock signal to regulate the on-time of the main transistor to be equal to the time threshold; and

wherein

the clock generator comprises;

a first current control circuit having an input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the input terminal is coupled to the control circuit to receive the control signal, and wherein based on the control signal, the first current control circuit detects whether the on-time of the main transistor is smaller than the time threshold, and generates a first current control signal at the output terminal;

a first controllable current source having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a power supply voltage, the control terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the first current control circuit;

a frequency setting circuit configured to provide a setting current;

a first current mirror including a first transistor and a second transistor, wherein the first current mirror has a power supply terminal, a first terminal and a second terminal, and wherein the power supply terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage, the first terminal is coupled to the frequency setting circuit and the second terminal of the first controllable current source;

a first capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the first current mirror, the second terminal is coupled to a reference ground;

a fourth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the first capacitor, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground;

a comparator having a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the first input terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the first capacitor, the second input terminal is configured to receive a threshold voltage; and

a first one-shot circuit having an input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the input terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the comparator, the output terminal is coupled to the control terminal of the fourth transistor and is configured to provide the clock signal.

12. The controller of claim 11, wherein the frequency setting circuit comprises:

a third transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the first controllable current source and the first terminal of the first current mirror;

an operational amplifier having a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the first input terminal is configured to receive a reference voltage, the second input terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the third transistor, the output terminal is coupled to the control terminal of the third transistor; and

a first resistor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the third transistor, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground.

13. The controller of claim 11, wherein the first current control circuit comprises:

a second one-shot circuit having an input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the input terminal is coupled to the control circuit to receive the control signal;

a flip-flop having a clock input terminal, a data input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the clock input terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the second one-shot circuit, the data input terminal is coupled to the control circuit to receive the control signal, the output terminal is configured to provide an on-time detection signal;

a logic circuit having an input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, wherein the input terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the flip-flop, and wherein based on the on-time detection signal, the logic circuit generates a first logic signal and a second logic signal respectively at the first output terminal and the second output terminal;

a first current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage;

a fifth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the first current source, the control terminal is coupled to the first output terminal of the logic circuit to receive the first logic signal;

a sixth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the fifth transistor, the control terminal is coupled to the second output terminal of the logic circuit to receive the second logic signal;

a second current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the sixth transistor, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground; and

a second capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the fifth transistor and the first terminal of the sixth transistor, and is configured to provide the first current control signal, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground.

14. The controller of claim 11, wherein the first controllable current source comprises:

a seventh transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the control terminal is coupled to the first current control circuit to receive the first current control signal;

a second resistor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the seventh transistor;

a third current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the second resistor, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground; and

a second current mirror including an eighth transistor and a ninth transistor, wherein the second current mirror has a power supply terminal, a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the power supply terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage, the first terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the seventh transistor, the second terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the first current mirror.

15. The controller of claim 13, wherein the first current control circuit further comprises:

a fourth current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage;

a tenth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage, the second terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the second capacitor, the control terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the fourth current source;

an eleventh transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the control terminal of the tenth transistor, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground, the control terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the second capacitor;

a multi detection circuit coupled to the output terminal of the flip-flop, wherein based on the on-time detection signal, the multi detection circuit determines whether the on-time of the main transistor is smaller than the time threshold in a plurality of successive switching cycles, and generates a multi detection signal; and

a twelfth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the control terminal of the tenth transistor, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground, and the control terminal is coupled to the multi detection circuit to receive the multi detection signal.

16. The controller of claim 11, wherein the first current control circuit comprises:

a thirteenth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage, the control terminal is coupled to the control terminals of the first transistor and the second transistor;

a fourteenth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the thirteenth transistor;

a fifteenth transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the fourteenth transistor, the control terminal is coupled to the control circuit to receive the control signal;

a fifth current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the fifteenth transistor, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground; and

a third capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the fourteenth transistor and the first terminal of the fifteenth transistor, and is configured to provide the first current control signal, the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground.

17. The controller of claim 11, wherein the clock generator further comprises:

a second current control circuit configured to detect whether the switching converter works under light load condition and generate a second current control signal; and

a second controllable current source having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the power supply voltage, the second terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the first current mirror, the control terminal is coupled to the second current control circuit to receive the second current control signal.