Power converter with load switch fault protection

• US 9,906,145 B2
• Filed: 06/16/2016
• Issued: 02/27/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 06/16/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NXP B.V. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Original Assignee: NXP B.V. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Inventors: Langeslag, Wilhelmus Hinderikus Maria, Kleinpenning, Jeroen
• Primary Examiner(s): NASH, GARY A
• Application Number:
  US15/184,573
• Publication Number:
  US 20170366092A1
• Time in Patent Office: 621 Days
• Field of Search: 323276, 323277, 361 54, 361 56, 361 57, 361 59, 361 60, 361 61, 363 2104- 211, 363 2112- 2117, 363 50, 363 52- 54, 363 76, 363 78, 363 79
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0032 Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/08 Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/32 Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33523 with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

An apparatus for delivering power to a load, which comprises a power converter that converts input power at a primary side to an output power and to a supply voltage to a secondary side. On the secondary side, a load switch is located on a current path to the load. A secondary-side control circuitry controls the load switch to operate in an ON mode in which current is provided to the load, and in response to a fault condition corresponding a voltage drop across the load switch exceeding a threshold value, activates circuitry on the secondary side. The circuitry, in response to the fault condition, causes the primary-side control circuitry to limit an extent to which the power converter is capable of supplying power.

Claims

1. An apparatus for delivering power to a load having load circuitry configured to draw power from the apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

a power converter configured and arranged to convert input power at a primary side of the power converter to output power and to a supply voltage at a node on a secondary side of the power converter;

on the primary side of the power converter, a primary-side control circuitry configured and arranged to limit an extent to which the power converter is capable of supplying power for providing the supply voltage at an output of the power converter;

on the secondary side of the power converter, a load switch configured and arranged along a current path between the node and the load having the load circuitry configured to draw power from the apparatus;

on the secondary side of the power converter, secondary-side control circuitry configured and arranged to receive the supply voltage and a converter output voltage, and to control the load switch to operate in an ON mode, in which the current path is used to provide current to the load, and in response to a fault condition corresponding to a voltage drop across the load switch exceeding a threshold voltage, activates circuitry on the secondary side; and

the secondary side of the power converter including the circuitry configured and arranged, in response to the fault condition in which the voltage drop across the load switch exceeds the threshold voltage, to cause the primary-side control circuitry to limit an extent to which the power converter is capable of supplying power;

wherein the secondary-side control circuitry is configured and arranged to monitor the voltage drop across the load switch by detecting a difference between the supply voltage at the secondary side and the converter output voltage.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the secondary-side control circuitry is configured and arranged to activate the circuitry in response the voltage drop across the load switch exceeding the threshold voltage for greater than a threshold period of time.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the secondary-side control circuitry is configured and arranged to monitor the voltage drop across the load switch by detecting a difference between the supply voltage at the secondary side and a combination of the converter output voltage and an output of a discharge function.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power converter does not have mains isolation, the power converting including controller circuitry that includes the primary-side control circuitry and the secondary-side control circuitry and is configured and arranged to provide power control and respond to the fault condition of the load switch.

5. The apparatus of claim 1,

wherein the secondary-side control circuitry further includes timer circuitry configured and arranged to count time and the secondary-side control circuitry is further configured and arranged to start the count of the timer circuitry in response to the fault condition of the load switch and to activate the circuitry in response the voltage drop across the load switch exceeding the threshold voltage for greater than a threshold period of time using the timer circuitry.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein in response to another fault condition corresponding to an effective sudden disconnection of the supply voltage at the secondary-side control circuitry, the secondary-side control circuitry is further configured and arranged to switch the load switch into an OFF mode in which the current path to the load is blocked.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the circuitry includes an opto coupler configured and arranged to respond to a logic signal indicative of the fault condition by changing a control signal through which the circuitry causes the primary-side control circuitry to limit an extent to which the power converter is capable of supplying power.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein in response to the fault condition of the load switch in which the voltage drop across the load switch exceeds the threshold voltage, the circuitry is configured and arranged to cause the primary-side control circuitry to limit an extent to which the power converter is capable of supplying power by triggering a control signal that includes a current level corresponding with a power mode of the power converter that is lower than the power converter operates prior to the control signal.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the secondary-side control circuitry further includes an opto pin and is configured and arranged to, in response to an indication of the fault condition of the load switch, couple the opto pin to ground to drive the circuitry with the current level.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the circuitry includes an opto coupler, and the primary-side control circuitry is configured and arranged to limit the extent to which the power converter is capable of supplying power by operating in the power mode that includes lower power as compared to a previous power mode, resulting in a reduction in the converter output voltage, and in response to the reduction in the converter output voltage,

the opto coupler is configured and arranged to conduct current, and

the secondary-side control circuitry is configured and arranged to pull down the opto pin.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is part of USB power-delivery controller circuit, and wherein the circuitry includes an opto coupler configured and arranged to operate in an activated state during the ON mode and OFF mode of the load switch and to respond to the USB power-delivery controller circuit.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the circuitry includes an opto coupler configured and arranged to operate in an activated state during the ON mode and OFF mode of the load switch, wherein the USB power-delivery controller circuit, located on the secondary side, is configured and arranged to control the opto coupler to provide feedback to the primary side.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power converter is further configured and arranged to provide the supply voltage as one of multiple voltages that is selected based on feedback from the load to the secondary-side control circuitry, and wherein the circuitry is further configured and arranged to cause the primary-side control circuitry to limit the extent to which the power converter-supplies power, regardless of which one of multiple voltages that is selected by triggering a control signal.

14. An apparatus for delivering power to a load having load circuitry configured to draw power from the apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

a power converter configured and arranged to convert input power at a primary side of the power converter to output power and to a supply voltage at a node on a secondary side of the power converter;

on the primary side of the power converter, a primary-side control circuitry configured and arranged to limit an extent to which the power converter is capable of supplying power for providing the supply voltage;

on the secondary side of the power converter, a load switch configured and arranged along a current path between the node and the load having the load circuitry configured to draw power from the apparatus;

on the secondary side of the power converter, a USB power-delivery controller circuit configured and arranged to receive the supply voltage and a converter output voltage, and to control the load switch to operate in an ON mode in which the current path is used to provide current to the load, and in response to a fault condition of the load switch corresponding to a voltage drop across the load switch exceeding a threshold voltage, activates circuitry on the secondary side; and

the secondary side of the power converter including the circuitry configured and arranged, in response to the fault condition in which the voltage drop across the load switch exceeds the threshold voltage, to cause the primary-side control circuitry to limit an extent to which the power converter is capable of supplying power;

wherein the USB power-delivery controller circuit is further configured and arranged to,

monitor the voltage drop across the load switch by detecting a difference between the supply voltage and the converter output voltage; and

in response the voltage drop across the load switch exceeding the threshold voltage for greater than a threshold period of time, activate the circuitry.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the USB power-delivery controller circuit further includes an opto pin and wherein in response to the fault condition of the load switch, the circuitry is configured and arranged to cause the primary-side control circuitry to limit an extent to which the power converter is capable of supplying power by coupling the opto pin to ground to drive the circuitry with a current level corresponding with a lower power mode of the power converter as compared to a previous power mode.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the USB power-delivery controller circuit is further configured and arranged to:

monitor the voltage drop across the load switch by detecting a difference between the supply voltage and a combination of the converter output voltage and an output of a discharge function; and

in response the voltage drop across the load switch exceeding the threshold voltage for greater than a threshold period of time, activate the circuitry.

17. A method comprising:

converting input power at a primary side of a power converter to output power and providing a supply voltage at a node on a secondary side of the power converter, wherein the supply voltage is one of multiple voltages that is selected based on feedback from a load to a control circuitry;

receiving the supply voltage at the node and passing the supply voltage along a current path from the node to the load;

in response to a presence of the supply voltage at the control circuitry, controlling a load switch to operate in an ON mode in which the current path is used to provide current to the load; and

in response to a fault condition corresponding to a voltage drop across the load switch exceeding a threshold voltage for greater than a threshold period of time, providing a control signal to the control circuitry to limit an extent to which the power converter is capable of supplying power for providing the supply voltage.

18. The method of claim 17, further including operating in a power mode that provides another supply voltage that is lower than the multiple voltages in response to the control signal using a primary-side control circuitry.